Redox

Cards (44)

  • The change in oxidation number identifies whether or not a substance has undergone oxidation or reduction
  • Roman numerals are used to indicate the oxidation number of metals that may have different oxidation states in compounds
  • Rules for Oxidation Numbers:
    • all elements in their natural state have the oxidation number of 0
    • oxidation numbers in a compound add up to 0
    • oxidation numbers of the components in an ion add up to the charge on that ion
    Order of Priority:
    1. elements in group 1, 2, & 3, respectively
    2. fluorine is -1
    3. hydrogen is usually +1
    4. oxygen is usually -2
    5. chlorine is usually -1
  • ions with names ending in -ate contain oxygen
  • What is the formula for carbon monoxide?
    CO
  • What is the formula for methane?
    CH4
  • What is the formula for nitrogen monoxide?
    NO
  • What is the formula for nitrogen dioxide?
    NO2
  • What is the formula for sulfuric acid?
    H2SO4
  • What is the formula for ammonia?
    NH3
  • What is the formula for nitrogen?
    N2
  • What is the formula for oxygen?
    O2
  • What is the formula for phosphorus?
    P4
  • What is the formula for hydrogen?
    H2
  • All of group 7 elements are diatomic molecules
  • What is the formula for an ammonium ion?
    NH4+
  • What is the formula for a carbonate ion?
    CO32CO3^2-
  • Define Redox:
    A reaction where both oxidation and reduction take place as one element is oxidised, donating its electrons to the other element that is reduced
  • The oxidising agent becomes reduced because it gains electrons, decreasing its oxidation number
  • The reducing agent becomes oxidised because it loses electrons, increasing its oxidation number
  • Give the equation for the oxidising agent:
    x+x^++ +e>x e^- -> x
  • Give the equation for the reducing agent:
    x>x+x -> x^++ +e e^-
  • Define Disproportionation:
    a reaction in which the same element is both reduced and oxidised
  • NH3 is an alkaline gas
  • The formula for ammonium nitrate:
    NH4NO3
  • Burning a substance means adding oxygen to it
  • Formula for hydrogen carbonate:
    HCO3-
  • Formula for Phosphoric Acid:
    H3PO4
  • Formula for Phosphate ion:
    PO43PO4^3-
  • The empirical and molecular formula can be the same
  • Percentages in empirical formula calculations all add up to 100%
  • Using PV=nRT involving density:
    gm3gm^3 use v= 1 m3m^3
    gdm3gdm^3use v= 1 x 10^-3 m3m^3
    gcm3gcm^3use v= 1 x 10^-6 m3m^3
  • Define a Monoprotic Acid:
    an acid that donates only one proton (H+)
    There's a 1 : 1 ratio; acid to base
  • Define a Diprotic Acid:
    an acid that donates two protons (H+)
    There's a 1 : 2 ratio, acid to base
  • Define a Triprotic Acid:
    an acid that donates 3 protons (H+)
    There's a 1 : 3 ratio, acid to base
  • Give three examples of a monoprotic acid:
    • HCl
    • HNO3
    • CH3COOH
  • Give three examples of a diprotic acid:
    • H2SO4
    • H2CO3
    • H2S
  • Give an example of a triprotic acid:
    • H3PO4
  • What kind of reagent is this equation for: x>x+x -> x^++ +ee^-
    reducing
  • What kind of reagent is this equation for: x+x^++ +e>x e^- -> x
    oxidising