MIS CS

• When did China open its borders to international trade?

  1970s
• What was the impact of China opening its borders to international trade?

  Rapid growth in manufacturing industries
• Where did China’s manufacturing industries grow the most?

  Coastal provinces e.g Shanghai and Guangzhou
• Why did millions of people move to manufacturing in cities in China?

  From rural areas and poorer inland provinces to find better paid jobs in growing industries
• How many rural migrants were working in China’s cities in 1989?

  30 million
• How many rural migrants were working in China’s cities in 2008?

  140 million
• Why were SEZs established along China’s coast?

  To encourage TNCs to set up there
• What political and economic changes have happened that has increased international migration between countries in the EU (Schengen Area)?

  Countries encouraging free movement of people across international borders

  Increased migration by making it easier for people to live and work in different countries
• In the EU, what do member countries have the right to do without needing special visas or permits?

  Live, work and study in other member countries
• Are Western or Eastern European countries more globalised?

  Western

  • More skilled wages
  • Higher wages
• In 2020, how many Romanians migrated to Germany?

  200,000
• What are 25 EU countries and 2 non-EU member countries a member of?

  Schengen Agreement
• What is the benefit of the Schengen Agreement for members?

  Anyone can travel between countries without needing a visa or having to show a passport in the Schengen area
• When was the Schengen Agreement initially signed by 5 European countries?

  1985
• What has been Japan’s history on immigration?

  Strict policies (even though it was involved in global economy)
• What made it difficult for international migrants to move, get jobs or stay in Japan for longer than a few years?

  The Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act
• In 2017, what percentage of the Japanese population did not have Japanese nationality?

  2.1%
• In recent years, what has the Japanese government become concerned about?

  • Ageing population ( ~ 30% of population is > 65)
  • Labour shortages
• Why has the Japanese government loosened restrictions on immigration?

  To allow more people or working age (skilled workers) to enter the country in sectors such as construction, farming, healthcare etc
• What percentage of the Japanese population is Japanese?

  97.9%
• What percentage of the Japanese population is Japanese?

  97.9%
• What percentage of the Japanese population is Chinese?

  0.6%
• What percentage of the Japanese population is Korean?

  0.4%
• What percentage of the Japanese population is Filipino?

  1.1%
• In 2015, what percentage of people who made the crossing were fleeing from war-torn countries?

  60%
• Which countries of conflict do refugees/migrants come from?

  Syria and Afghanistan in hopes of finding asylum in Europe
• Why do people flee countries for other than war?

  They experience human rights violations and risk the journey to live in a safer society
• In 2021, how many refugees and migrants arrived on Europe’s Mediterranean coast from Turkey and North Africa?

  123,000
• How many people died or went missing when arriving on Europe’s coast from Turkey and North Africa?

  3,200
• Since 2014, how many people have died attempting to cross the Mediterranean sea?

  25,000
• What do refugees and migrants face once they‘ve reached Europe?

  • Unhygienic conditions
  • Lack of sheltered accommodation
  • Hostility from authorities
• Are there any freedom of movement restrictions for people moving between different areas of the UK?

  No
• How many people move a significant distance within England and Wales each year?

  1 million
• What type of movement does the EU allow of people between member states?

  Free movement
• In 2015, what percentage of people born in the EU were living in a different country within the EU than where they were born?

  4%
• Which country has the highest number of EU migrants?

  Germany
• In 2019, how many people migrated to Germany from other EU member states?

  600,000 which accounted for 40% of total migration
• In 2018, what percentage of Swedish nationals believed that migrants make their country stronger (links to perceptions of migration)?

  62%
• In 2018, what percentage of Greek nationals believed that migrants make their country stronger (links to perceptions of migration)?

  Only 10%
• In 2016 Brexit referendum, why did some people vote for the UK to leave the EU?

  They were unhappy with free movement of people within the UK