Group 2

• What group do alkaline earth metals belong to?

  Group 2
• What is the electron configuration ending for group 2 elements?

  Ends in S2
• What ions do group 2 elements form when they react?

  Plus two ions
• How does atomic radius change as you go down group 2?

  It increases
• Why does ionization energy decrease down group 2?

  Due to increased shielding and distance
• What happens to the number of protons as you go down group 2?

  It increases
• What effect does shielding have on ionization energy?

  It weakens attraction between nucleus and electrons
• How do melting points change as you go down group 2?

  They generally decrease
• Why do melting points decrease down group 2?

  Due to larger metal ions and constant delocalized electrons
• What is produced when group 2 metals react with water?

  Metal hydroxides and hydrogen
• How does reactivity change as you go down group 2?

  It increases
• Which group 2 metal does not react with water?

  Barium
• What happens when magnesium reacts with steam?

  Produces magnesium oxide
• How does solubility of hydroxides change down group 2?

  They become more soluble
• How does solubility of sulfates change down group 2?

  They become less soluble
• What is the test for sulfates?

  Using barium chloride
• Why is hydrochloric acid added before barium chloride in sulfate testing?

  To remove carbonates that could precipitate
• What precipitate indicates the presence of sulfates?

  White precipitate of barium sulfate
• How can group 2 compounds be used to neutralize acidic soils?

  Calcium hydroxide is sprayed on soils
• What is magnesium hydroxide commonly used for?

  As an antacid
• What is the ionic equation for neutralization?

  H⁺ + OH^- → H₂O
• How is barium sulfate used in medicine?

  To identify problems in the digestive tract
• Why is barium sulfate safe to ingest despite being toxic?

  It is insoluble and not absorbed
• What is the process for extracting titanium using magnesium?

  Magnesium reduces titanium chloride at high temperature
• What is produced when titanium chloride reacts with magnesium?

  Pure titanium and magnesium chloride
• How do group 2 compounds help reduce sulfur dioxide emissions?

  By neutralizing acidic gases from combustion
• What is wet scrubbing used for?

  To remove sulfur dioxide emissions
• What products are formed when calcium carbonate reacts with sulfur dioxide?

  Calcium sulfate, water, and carbon dioxide
• What is a practical use of calcium sulfate produced from reactions?

  Used in plaster boards