Organic Analysis

• Who is the presenter of the video on organic analysis for AQA?

  Chris Harris
• What is the main purpose of the video on organic analysis?

  To revise the topic of organic analysis
• What can be used to test for alcohols in organic analysis?

  Acidified potassium dichromate
• How does acidified potassium dichromate distinguish between alcohol types?

  It oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols
• What color change indicates the oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols using dichromate?

  Orange to green
• What happens to tertiary alcohols when treated with dichromate?

  They remain orange and are not oxidized
• What method is used to separate products from the oxidation of alcohols?

  Fractional distillation
• What does the formation of an aldehyde indicate about the initial alcohol?

  The initial alcohol was primary
• What does the formation of a ketone indicate about the initial alcohol?

  The initial alcohol was secondary
• What is the purpose of Fehling's solution in organic analysis?

  To distinguish between aldehydes and ketones
• What color change occurs when Fehling's solution reacts with an aldehyde?

  Blue to brick red precipitate
• What happens to Fehling's solution when it reacts with a ketone?

  It remains blue with no reaction
• What is Tollen's reagent used for in organic analysis?

  To distinguish between aldehydes and ketones
• How is Tollen's reagent prepared?

  By mixing silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide
• What indicates the presence of an aldehyde when using Tollen's reagent?

  Silver precipitate coats the flask
• What happens when Tollen's reagent reacts with a ketone?

  No silver precipitate is formed
• What is the test for alkenes in organic analysis?

  Add bromine water
• What color change occurs when bromine water reacts with an alkene?

  Colorless solution forms
• What reaction occurs when a carboxylic acid is tested with a carbonate?

  Fizzing due to carbon dioxide production
• What does the fizzing indicate when testing for carboxylic acids?

  Carbon dioxide gas is produced
• What is mass spectrometry used for in organic analysis?

  To find the relative molecular mass of compounds
• What does the m/z ratio represent in mass spectrometry?

  Mass divided by charge of fragments
• What does the m+1 peak in mass spectrometry indicate?

  The mass of the original molecule
• What is high-resolution mass spectrometry used for?

  To identify molecules with the same molecular mass
• Why is high-resolution mass spectrometry preferred over standard mass spectrometry?

  It provides more precise mass measurements
• Which two compounds have the same molecular mass of 44?

  Ethanol and propane
• What is the limitation of standard mass spectrometry?

  It rounds mass to the nearest whole number
• How does high-resolution mass spectrometry improve upon standard mass spectrometry?

  It measures mass to several decimal places
• What technique improves the identification of molecules with the same molecular mass?

  High resolution mass spectrometry
• Why is high resolution mass spectrometry useful?

  It identifies molecules with the same rounded mass
• How many decimal places can high resolution mass spectrometry measure?

  Several decimal places
• What is the molecular mass of ethanol (C2H5OH) rounded to the nearest whole number?

  44
• What is the molecular mass of propane (C3H8) rounded to the nearest whole number?

  44
• How does high resolution mass spectrometry distinguish between ethanol and propane?

  By measuring precise atomic masses
• What is the precise molecular mass of ethanol?

  44.0302
• What is the precise molecular mass of propane?

  44.0624
• What does infrared (IR) spectroscopy use to increase vibrational energy in bonds?

  Infrared radiation
• What factors affect the frequency of infrared radiation absorbed by a bond?

  Atoms on either side of the bond
• What does a peak around 3000 cm^-1 in an IR spectrum suggest?

  Presence of an O-H bond in an acid
• What does a peak around 1700 cm^-1 in an IR spectrum indicate?

  Presence of a C=O bond