education

• Economic role

  where schools meet the needs of the economythey also teach students the skills and experiences required by businesses in order to do so.
• Selective role


  Students are selected for their future roles. Those who achieve the most are given roles with the highest pay and status
• Socialisation role

  students are taught the norms and values of our culture.
• Social control role

  schools set up rules that control the school environment e.g. rewards and sanctions that encourage good behaviour and discourage bad behaviour.
• Meritocracy


  When rewards are based on ability and efforts.
• Formal curriculum

  What is taught in lessons at school
• Hidden curriculum


  things that students learn informally within a school environment e.g. students being respectful to school teachers by calling them by their title and surname.
• Pre-1870


  At this time, the education system in Britain was not formally organised. Upper class parents would send their children to fee-paying private schools or are taught at home, whereas working class children often go to work
• 1870 Education Act


  This legislation promised that every student in England gets a form of education.
• 1944 Butler Education Act

  This legislation introduces the idea of selective education through the tripartite system, where children were given free education until the age of 14.Students were required to take a test at the age of 11 named the 11 plus, which was a test that determined where the student's next place of study will be depending on whether they passed the test or not.
• Grammar school

  An institution built for students that are academically able, taking O level qualifications that allow them to go to university.
• Secondary modern

  An institution built for students that are less academically able (bottom 75% of 11+)Emphasis was on practical and vocational education. Students would take CSE qualifications.
• Technical school

  An institution that was designed for 'bright' children (good 11+ scores) which focused on preparing students for work in technical careers such as engineering.
• 1965 Comprehensive Education Act


  This legislation introduced the idea of educating students in schools attended by students of all abilities instead of separating them in the tripartite system(introduced by Labour)
• Comprehensive schools

  Schools that are free to enter without any entrance exams. These schools brought students within their local catchment area regardless of social class, financial status and academic status.
• 1988 Education Reform Act

  This legislation brought marketisation to schools, meaning that schools compete for students by selling themselves e.g. how well students achieved, their attendance and punctuality.This legislation meant that parents needed a way to distinguish how schools were better from one another. To counteract this, the government introduced statistics from schools such as Ofsted, SATs results, League tables etc. (introduced by the Conservatives)
• Formula funding


  This policy increased the amount of money schools would get for every student they attract to their school.
• Ofsted


  A non-profit organisation that examined schools' e.g. quality of teaching, safeguarding, and exam results, giving schools a grade between 1 to 4; 1 would rate Outstanding, where as 4 would rate Inadequate.
• SATs

  Standard assessment tests which all children take in year 2 and year 6.
• Vocational education


  A form of education that directly teaches the skills needed by the world of work e.g. IT Level 3 Diploma - how to build a PC, how to build a computer wire, how to computer program.
• League tables


  Statistics that show how a school performs compared to its local area and the national average. Often used by parents to help them select schools for their children
• Education Action Zones


  Deprived areas that were given extra funding to try to improve education
• Education Maintenance Allowance (Act)


  This legislation provided extra funding for students from deprived backgrounds.
• Aim Higher education


  Families whose parents have never went to university were offered by the government to have their children to experience university e.g. during the summer break.
• Sure start centres

  Institutions that provided advice for the wellbeing, safety and development for pre-school children.
• 2010 (Current conservative government)

  At this year, these policies/institutions were introduced:- Free schools: Schools that are set up and approved by the government e.g. set up because there are no schools around the area. Teachers MUST have qualifications to prove that they are able to teach.- Universal Technical Colleges: Schools that specialise and teach a city's popular industry jobs e.g. medicine or industry.- University tuition fees of up to £9,000 per year.
• Universal Technical College

  Schools that specialise in and teach popular industry jobs e.g. medicine or industry.
• Faith schools

  Institutions that teach about religious norms and values e.g. of Christianity, in addition to teaching academic/vocational subjects.
• Home school

  Where children are taught at home, ususually by a parent.
• Gender role models


  Role models that represent what a boy or a girl should be like.
• Ethnocentric curriculum

  Education that focuses on the dominant culture and ignores or excludes other cultures. For example, in History students mainly learn about British and European history.
• Social mobility


  Moving up or down the social class structure.
• Instant gratification


  Wanting fun and rewards instantly e.g the marshmallow test
• Deferred gratification

  Sacrificing social life and entertainment for your own academic benefits, taking the time to study and learn from your school subjects.
• Self-fulfilling prophecy

  Living up to a label
• Fatalistic

  the belief that all events are predetermined and therefore inevitable, more common among working class students
• Anti-school subcultures

  Groups of people that hate school and as such disrupt people's education through e.g. bullying or instant gratification of 'having a laugh
• Pro-school subcultures

  Groups of people that love school and as such become well associated with teachers and do well in exams, deferring gratification.
• Halo effect

  An effect that is applied when being positively labeled, thus fulfilling a positive self-fulfilling prophecy
• Rosenthal and Jacobsen


  conducted an experiment where teachers were told students would make rapid progress. Despite the students being chosen randomly, the selected students did make better progress and so demonstrated the self fulfilling prophecy