2nd Term Mastery Test

• Sounds travel the slowest through GASES.
• Sound is a mechanical wave that is produced by vibrating or oscillating objects
• The speed of sound depends on the type of medium where it travels. The closer the molecules are to each other in a medium and the stronger their bond interactions, the less time it takes to pass the sound wave.
• Sounds travel the fastest through SOLIDS.
• Solids, liquids and gases are the different media where sounds travel.
• The secondary colors of light are Magenta, Cyan & Yellow
• The primary colors of light are Red, Blue & Green.
• Visible light waves are the only electromagnetic waves we can see.
• Interference- is to prevent (a process or activity) from continuing or being carried out properly visible frequencies that consist of different .
• Diffraction- is the slight bending of light as it passes around the edge of an object.
• Refraction - is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where its speed is different.
• Reflection - is the throwing back by a body or surface of light, heat, or sound without absorbing it.
• Light travels as transverse waves and can travel through a vacuum.
• Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) - is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis
• Inactive faults – those without a record of having generated earthquakes within the last 10,000 years, but may possible generate an earthquake in the future
• Active faults - faults that are generated earthquakes within the last 10,000 years and may still continue to do so
• 2 Types of Faults: Active Faults & Inactive Faults
• Shear stress - rocks are pushed perpendicular to the axis.
• Compressional stress - rocks are pushed toward each other
• Tensional stress - rocks are stretched away from each other.
• 3 Types of Stress: Tensional stress, Compressional stress & Shear stress
• Fault - a fracture or break in Earth’s crust where earthquakes are most likely to occur repeatedly.
• Fault zone - series of associated faults spread over in area
• Stress - force applied to rocks
• Focus or Hypocenter- point in a rock’s zone of weakness, where the breaking starts and seismic energy is released.
• Fault Line - any edge of the fault plane that shows how much movement has taken place
• Fault Plane - focus of an Earthquake, breaking surface underground
• Epicenter - point on Earth’s surface that is directly above the focus
• Fault Scarp - if fault plane is exposed above the ground
• Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the Earth.
• Seismic waves are caused by the sudden movement of materials within the Earth, such as slip along a fault during an earthquake. Volcanic eruptions, explosions, landslides, avalanches, and even rushing rivers can also cause seismic waves.
• Intensity - tells how much a certain area was shaken of an earthquake
• Magnitude - the total amount of energy that was released by earthquake at focus.
• Richter Magnitude Scale an open-ended scale and describes the total amount of energy that is released by an earthquake
• PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) – uses 10 levels to rate the strength of an earthquake based on its effects