Science 8: 2nd QT

Cards (105)

  • What is the sudden vibration, violent movement/shaking of Earth’s surface caused by a rapid release of stored energy?
    Earthquake
  • It is a natural phenomenon, earthquakes actually occur everyday but we don’t notice it (True or false)
    True
  • A fracture in the rocks that make up the earth's crust
    Faults
  • Tectonic Plates are massive rocks that make up the outer layer of the earth’s surface and whose movements triggers earthquakes
  • Seismic waves are waves that transmit the energy by an earthquake
  • Epicentre is directly above the focus, the point of the surface of the earth
  • Focus (Hypocenter) is the point within the earth, where the earthquake rupture starts
  • The study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through around the earth

    Seismology
  • Scientists who studies seismology
    Seismologist
  • An instrument that is used to detect and record seismic waves caused by earthquakes

    Seismograph
  • Main; largest earthquake
    mainshock
  • Smaller earthquakes that happen before in the same place as the larger earthquake
    foreshocks
  • Small earthquakes that occur afterwards in the same place as the mainshock
    aftershocks
  • How do we know if a fault is inactive?
    If there is NO activity for 10 years
  • Is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock which allows the blocks to move relative to each other
    Fault line
  • Lava inside the volcano
    Magma
  • Where earthquakes, eruptions usually occur
    pacific ring of fire
  • Caused by tension, when rocks get stretched out because of a divergent plate, the hanging wall pushes out/drop down relative to the footwall
    Normal fault
  • Caused by compression of two plates, when the rock gets stretched out because of a divergent plate, the hanging wall moves/raises up relative to the footwall
    Reverse fault
  • Fault exhibits horizontal movements, each side of the rock moves to the left or side relatively to the other
    Left-lateral
  • Fault exhibits horizontal movements, each side of the rock moves to the right or side relatively to the other
    Right-lateral
  • Fault exhibits vertical movements, each side of the rock moves to the down or up side relatively to the other
    Dip-slip fault
  • Is a small step or offset on the ground surface where one side has moved vertically with respect to the other
    Fault scarps
  • The surface along where the plate breaks or slides 
    fault plane
  • The visible disturbance on the surface, also referred as fault line
    Fault trace
  • The material that rest above the fault
    Hanging wall
  • The material that rests below the fault
    Foot wall
  • These waves refer to the vibrations that travel through the interior of the earth.
    Body wave
  • These waves push and pull rocks in the direction they are travelling, hence known as compressional waves.
    P wave
  • These waves displace rocks at right angles in the direction they are travelling. They do not pass through liquid and gases.
    S wave
  • These waves refer to vibrations that travel at the surface of the earth
    Surface waves
  • These waves shake the ground side to side
    LOVE wave
  • These waves shake the ground up and down
    RAYLEIGH wave
  • Who made Rayleigh Wave
    John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh  
  • Who made LOVE Wave
    Augustus Edward Hough Love 
  • The amount of shaking and type of damage, effects and damage (Qualitative)
    Intensity
  • Monitors earthquakes and volcanoes, and provides warnings to people in the affected areas
    PHIVOLCS
  • What does PHIVOLCS mean?
    Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
  • Intensity Scale
    Mercalli Intensity Scale
  • The measurement of the total strength released by the earthquake. (Does not vary with distance from the epicenter)
    Magnitude