Mirrors and Lenses

• Lens - transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses light beams

  using refraction.
• Mirrors - a reflective surface that does not allow the passage of light and instead bounces it off, thus producing an

  image.
• Real Images - occur when light rays

  actually intersect at the image, making them appear inverted or upside down.
• Virtual Images - is formed when the reflected rays of light appear to meet when traced backwards.
• Types of Mirrors

  1. Plane Mirrors
  2. Spherical Mirrors
• Plane Mirrors - consists of flat, two- dimensional surface that reflects the light coming from or reflecting off another object.
• Spherical Mirrors - is a mirror with a curved reflecting surface. The surface may be either convex or concave. Most curved mirrors have surfaces that are shaped like part of a sphere, but other shapes are sometimes used in optical devices.
• Convex mirror - is also known as the diverging mirror, a curved mirror with the reflecting surface on the curved shape’s outer side. It has a surface that curves outward, resembling the shape of the

  outer surface of a sphere.
• Center of curvature - the center of the circle in which the mirror represents a small arc.
• Focus - the point where parallel light rays converge; the focus is always found on the inner part of the “circle” of which the mirror is a small arc, the focus of a mirror is 1/2 the radius
• vertex - the point where the mirror crosses the principal axis.
• Principal axis - a line drawn through the vertex, focus, and center of curvature of the mirror upon which the object rests.
• focal length - the distance from the focus to the vertex of the mirror.
• Radius of curvature - the distance from the center of curvature to the vertex of the mirror; it corresponds to the radius of the circle.
• Ray Diagram - trace the path that light takes in order for an individual to view a point on the image of an object.
• Magnification - Is the process of making something looks bigger than it is, It is also a measure of the size of an image compared to the size of the object.
• Image - are formed when light refracts as it encounters a boundary between two different materials.
• Types of Lenses

  1. Converging Lens
  2. Diverging Lens
• Converging Lens - a lens that is

  thicker in the middle. Also known as convex lens.
• Diverging Lens - a lens that is thinner in the middle than at the edges. Also known as concave lens.
• Devices that extend human

  vision through the use of mirrors and

  lenses to reflect and refract light and

  form images.

  Optical Instruments
• the word “camera” evolve from a

  Latin term meaning “dark chamber”

  and that is where earlier camera were

  placed in.
• SLR

  Single-Lens Reflex
• DSLR

  Digital Single-Lens Reflex
• Telescope - has the ability to make

  faraway objects appear much

  closer. It consists of an objective

  lens (in refractors) or a primary

  mirror (in reflectors and eye

  piece lens).
• Binoculars - is composed of two identical

  mirrors mounted side by side

  and aligned to point accurately

  in the same direction, allowing

  the viewer to use both eyes

  when viewing distant objects.
• Concave Mirrors - is also known as the

  converging mirror, a curved

  mirror where the reflecting

  surface is on the inner side of the

  curved shape. It has a surface

  that curves inward, resembling

  the shape of the inner surface of

  a hollow sphere.
• Convex Mirrors - is also known as the diverging

  mirror, a curved mirror with

  the reflecting surface on the

  curved shape’s outer side. It has

  a surface that curves outward,

  resembling the shape of the

  outer surface of a sphere.
• Ray Diagram - trace the path that light takes in

  order for an individual to view a point on the

  image of an object.
• Rule 1

  
• Rule 2

  
• Rule 3