module 1

• What is the nature of communication process?

  Vital for survival and unavoidable
• What does "communis" mean in Latin?

  Common
• What does it mean to "come together" in communication?

  To share something in common
• How do Black & Bryant (1922) define communication?

  Process by which individuals share meaning
• What is the role of the communicator in Black & Bryant's definition?

  To transmit stimuli to modify behavior
• What is purposive communication?

  Intentional communication within specific contexts
• How does context affect purposive communication?

  Affects sending, receiving, and meanings
• What are the four attributes of communication as a process?

  
  

  • Systematic
  • Symbolic Interaction
  • Dynamic
  • Meaning is personally constructed
• What is the source in human communication?

  Group or person initiating communication
• What is the role of the receiver in communication?

  Target of communication who listens or reads
• What must a source have to transmit a message?

  Something to express in the form of a message
• What are the three factors of a message?

  Message code, content, and treatment
• What is message code?

  Group of symbols structured to be meaningful
• What does message content refer to?

  Material selected by the source to express purpose
• What is message treatment?

  Decisions on selecting and arranging code and content
• What is a channel in communication?

  Modes of encoding and decoding messages
• What determines the choice of communication channels?

  Availability, cost, and source preferences
• What are the two types of effects in communication?

  Overt and covert effects
• What is feedback in communication?

  Response from the receiver to the source
• What is intrapersonal communication?


  Communication within oneself
• What is interpersonal communication?


  Face-to-face communication between individuals
• What is mass communication?


  Communication to large, dispersed audiences
• Who developed Laswell's model of communication?

  Harold D. Laswell
• What is a limitation of Laswell's model?

  Omitted elements of feedback
• Who created the Shannon and Weaver's model?

  Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
• What does noise refer to in Shannon and Weaver's model?

  Anything disrupting the transmission of signal
• What does Newcomb's model introduce?

  The role of communication in social relationships
• What does Osgood and Schramm's model focus on?

  Actors in communication performing tasks equally
• What does Dance's Helical Model illustrate?

  The dynamism of the communication process
• What is the focus of Westley & MacLean's model?

  Mass media's role in communication
• What does Berlo's model emphasize?

  The element of feedback in communication
• What does Kincaid's Convergence Model show?

  Process of convergence for mutual understanding
• What is verbal communication?

  Use of oral language
• What does the element C represent in the model?

  Editorial-communicating function
• Who developed Berlo's model?

  David Berlo
• What does the SMCRE model discuss?

  The element of feedback in communication
• What is Kincaid's model focused on?

  Process of convergence for mutual understanding
• What happens when mutual understanding is achieved according to Kincaid's model?

  Mutual agreement and collective action can occur
• What are the forms of communication discussed?

  • Verbal Communication
  • Non-Verbal Communication
• What is non-verbal communication?

  Use of methods other than spoken language