21st Century Literature

• PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

  Early times – 1564

  ORAL LITERATURE
• •RIDDLES (BUGTONG) – battle of wits among participants
• PROVERBS (SALAWIKAIN) – wise saying that contain a metaphor used to teach as a food for thought.
• FOLK TALES MYTHS –  how the world was created, how certain animals possess certain characteristic, why some places have waterfalls, mountains, etc..
• •LEGENDS – explain the origin of things.
• •FABLES – used animal characters and allegory
• •FANTASY STORIES – deal with underworld characters such as tiyanak, aswang, kapre and etc.
• •EPICS – these are narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition revolving around supernatural events or heroic deeds.
• •FOLK TALES – made up stories about life. Adventure, love, horror and humor where we can derive lesson about life.
• literature derived from the latin word literatura
• litera / littera - alphabetic letter
• 3 characteristics of literary text

  narrate story

  significant information

  to express, feelings, thoughts, and ideas
• Pre-colonial period in Philippine literature was marked by oral literature such as riddles, proverbs, folk tales, legends, fables, and epics.
• The Spanish colonization period in the Philippines had two distinct classifications: religious and secular.
• Religious literature during the Spanish colonization period included religious lyrics, Pasyon, Senakulo, and Gaspar Aquino de Belen.
• Secular literature during the Spanish colonization period included Awit, Korido, Oral literature, and Drama.
• Francisco Baltazar Balagtas was a master of traditional Tagalog poetry during the Spanish colonization period.
• Nina is the first Filipino novel written by Pedro Paterno during the Spanish colonization period.
• Dr. Jose P. Rizal, a notable writer during the Spanish colonization period, wrote Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which opened the minds of Filipinos about the injustices of Spaniards.
• Andres Bonifacio, a notable writer during the Spanish colonization period, is known for his work "Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa."
• Emilio Jacinto, a notable writer during the Spanish colonization period, was known for his essays.
• The American colonization period in the Philippines saw the use of English as a medium of instruction in Education and Literature.
• Literature during the American colonization period included news, reporting, poems, short stories, plays, essays, and novels.
• Writing during the American colonization period depicted love of country and longing for independence.
• Paz Marquez Benitez was a notable writer during the American colonization period, known for her work "Dead Star," a model of perfection.
• The three periods of Philippine literature during American colonialism were: The Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910), The Period of Imitation (1910-1924), and The Period of Self-discovery and Growth (1925-1941).
• Clodualdo del Mundo wrote "Bulaga," an expression in the game hide and seek, during the Japanese Occupation.
• During the Japanese Occupation, the common theme of most poems was nationalism, country, love and life in the barrios, faith religion and the arts.
• Julian Cruz Balmaceda wrote "Sino ba kayo?" and "Dahil sa anak" during the Japanese Occupation.
• Lope K. Santos is known as the "Father of the National Language Grammar" and was also referred to as "Apo of the Tagalog writers".
• Jose Ma. Hernandez wrote "Panday Pira" during the Japanese Occupation.
• Inigo Ed Regalado, a popular story teller, novelist, and newspaper man, reached the peak of his success by the "SUMPONG" as his pen name.
• Armando V. Hernandez was dubbed "Poet of the Laborers" and his masterpiece is "ANG PANDAY".
• The Japanese colonization period lasted from 1946 to 1948, during which Philippine literature was interrupted in its development.
• Francisco Soc Rodrigo wrote "Sa Pula, Sa Puti" during the Japanese Occupation.
• The three primary forms of literature are Poetry, Prose, and Drama.
• Valerio Hernandez Pena, known as "TANDANG ANONG", considered his masterpiece as "NENA AT NENENG".
• Haiku, a poem of free verse that was made up of 17 syllables divided into 3 lines,
• Jose Corazon de Jesus, known by his pen name "HUSENG BATUTE", was chosen as the Poet of love in his time.
• Jose Garcia Villa was a notable writer during the American colonization period, known for his work "Footnote to Youth," which earned him the title "Poet of the Century."