Global Cities

• Global cities are often seen as centres of power and influence, shaping international relations and driving global trends.
• Who coined the word "global city"?

  Saskia Sassen
• Attributes of Global City: Global city is a city that is a center of economic, political, and cultural activity.
• What is Economic Power as one of the attributes of Global City?


  Is the ability of the county to influence the global regional economy
• What is Economic Opportunity as one of the attributes of Global City?

  It provides employment opportunities and mobility.
• What is Center of Authority as one of the attributes of Global City?


  This criterion of global city maintains the seat of power in the country, meaning countries important political offices are located in this city.
• What is center of political influence as one of the attributes of Global City?


  This criterion of global city maintains the seat of power in the country, meaning countries important political offices are located in this city.
• What is economic competitiveness as one of the attributes of global city?


  Ability to attract investment and businesses, maintain a skilled workforce, and provide a favorable business environment.
• What is political influence as one of the attributes of global city?


  Global cities often hold substantial political power and are influential on the national and international stage.
• What is center of higher learning and culture is as one of the attributes of the global city?


  Global cities are often hubs of education, research, and cultural exchange. They boast world-renowned universities, museums, theaters, and diverse cultural offerings, attracting talent from around the world.
• Contemporary Global Cities: The world's largest cities are located in the global south.
• Economic importance?

  The significance of an economic activity or sector in terms of its contribution to a country's overall economic growth and development.
• Cultural diversity?

  Global cities are melting pots of diverse cultures and ethnicities.
• Infrastructure and Connectivity?


  Global cities have extensive and efficient infrastructure, including transportation (airports, ports, highways), advanced communication systems, and state-of-the-art facilities.
• Educational and Research Institutions?


  Global cities are home to leading universities, research, institutions, and think tanks.
• Political Influence?


  Many global cities serve as political centers, hosting national and international political institutions, embassies, and diplomatic missions.
• Global Financial Centers?


  Global cities are major financial hubs, hosting the headquarters of major banks, investment firms, and financial institutions.
• High Cost of Living?


  Due to their economic significance and high demand for resources, global cities tend to have a high cost of living.
• Innovation and Technology?


  Global cities are at the forefront of technological advancements and innovation.
• Quality of Life?


  Subjective measure of well-being and satisfaction with various aspects of life, including physical health, mental well-being, social relationships, and overall happiness.
• Global Influence?


  These cities have significant impact on global affairs, influencing not only their own regions but also shaping global trends in finance, business, culture and politics.
• Examples of Global City: London, New York, Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Dubai
• Global cities as Engines of Globalization: Economic Hubs, Innovation and Technology, Cultural Exchange, Cultural Exchange, Transportation and Connectivity, Financial Centers, Cultural and Creative Industries and Diplomatic and Political Influence
• Advantage of Global City: - Increase in employment - Increase in trade - Increase in tourism
• Disadvantage of Global City: Higher costs of living, higher crime rates, less green space
• Challenges of Global City?


  Urbanization, inequality, infrastructure, sustainability, social cohesion.
• Globalization is Spatial:


  (1) because it occurs in physical spaces and (2) because what makes it move is the fact that it is based in places.