Earth Science
Cards (43)
- This refers to the perciptible strenght of an earthquake in certain area
- What is PHIVOLCS
- When did PHIVOLCS replaced Rossi-Forrel Scale
- What is PEIS
- What numerals PEIS used
- Delicate objects are slightly disturbed; still water in containers oscillates slowly.
- Felt by a few individuals at rest indoors; hanging objects swing slightly; still water in containers oscillates noticeably.
- Felt by many people indoors, especially on upper floors; hanging objects swing moderately; still water in containers oscillates moderately; feels like a light truck passing by.
- Generally felt by people indoors and by some people outdoors; hanging objects swing considerably; motorcars may rock slightly; liquids in containers are slightly disturbed; water in containers oscillates strongly; a rumbling sound is sometimes heard. Feels like a heavy truck passing by; light sleepers may be awakened
- The most people indoors and outdoors, a strong shaking and rocking is felt throughout the building, hanging object swing violently, small, light, and i'm stable objects may fall or overturn, liquids spill from open containers, vehicles rock noticeably, leaves and twigs of trees shake
- Furniture and other heavy objects are displaced, wall plaster may crack, people may lose balance, some church bells may ring, if on the road, it may feel like driving with a flat tires, very old or poor build houses and man made structures are slight damage the well-built structures not affected, limited rock falls and rolling boulders occur in healy to mountainous areas and escarpment, trees shake
- Heavy objects and furniture overturn or topple, difficulty on upper floors, old or poorly build structures suffer considerable damage, samuel build structures are slightly damaged, some cracks may appear on dikes, fish ponds, road surface, or concrete hollow blocks, limited liquefaction, lateral spreading, and landslides are observed, trees shake noticeably
- People are forced to the ground, most buildings are totally damaged, bridges are elevated concrete structures are toppled or destroyed, utility post towers, and monuments are tilted, toppled or broken, landslides and liquefaction with lateral spreadings and sandboils are widespread, the ground is distorted into undulations, cheese are shaking violently with some toppled or broken, boulders are commonly drawn out, river water splashes violently or slops over dikes and banks
- Many trees are toppled, broken, and uprooted, practically all man-made structures are destroyed, massive landslides and liquefaction, landscale subsidence and the uplifting of landforms and many ground features are observed, changes in river courses and destructive seiches in large next occur
- A scientist who studies earthquake and seismology
- A device the records the motion of the ground during an earthquake
- A sensitive instrument that detects seismic and measures seismic waves (similar to seismograph)
- The recorded graphical output from seismograph,showing intensity and duration of earthquake
- This refers to the amount of energy released
- This was deviced by American seismologist Charles Francis Richter
- Richter scale uses
- are not felt or only felt by sensitive people. They are only recorded by seismographs
- are slightly felt by some people. There are no damage to buildings
- are often felt by people, but very rarely cause damage. Shaking of indoor objects can be noticeable.
- are felt by most people in the affected area and generally cause no to minimal damage. Moderate to significant damage is very unlikely. Shaking of indoor objects and rattling noises are noticeable. Some objects may fall off shelves or be knocked over.
- are felt by everyone and can cause damage of varying severity to poorly built buildings. At most, there is none to slight damage to all other buildings. Casualties range from none to a few.
- are felt in wider areas, up to hundreds of kilometers from the epicenter. They can cause damage to areas far from the epicenter. There is strong to violent shaking in populated areas immediate area. Many buildings in the epicenter and the immediate area. Many buildings in populated areas are damaged. Earthquake-resistant structures survive with slight to moderate damage. Poorly built structures receive moderate to severe damage.
- are felt in large areas and can cause damage to most buildings. Some buildings, partially or completely collapse or sustain severe damage. Well-built structures are likely to receive damage
- are felt in extremely large regions and can cause major damage to buildings. Structures are likely to be destroyed. There is moderate to heavy damage to sturdy or earthquake-resistant buildings. Some buildings are totally destroyed and large areas are damaged
- There is near or total destruction—all buildings sustain severe damage or collapse completely. Damage and shaking extend to distant locations. There are permanent changes in ground topography.
- Never been recorded.
- Main cause of destruction
- The soil behaves like a liquid
- Refers to the downward of the soild or rock
- The deformation of the ground occurs in existing faults
- Generated by the water due to underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption
- What magnitude can tsunami form