Structure and function of organelles

• Where are mitochondria found in a eukaryotic cell?

  Scattered throughout
• What are the key differences between the structure and function of the nucleus and nucleolus?

  Nucleus:

  • Contains genetic material (DNA)
  • Controls all cellular activities

  
  

  Nucleolus:

  • Site of ribosome synthesis
  • Involved in ribosome assembly
• What is the name of the organelle that is responsible for protein synthesis?

  Ribosome
• What is the name of the organelle that contains digestive enzymes and breaks down waste materials?

  Lysosome
• What is the name of the organelle that produces ATP through cellular respiration?

  Mitochondrion
• What is the function of ribosomes?

  Protein production
• What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

  Protein production
• What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

  Lipid synthesis
• What are organelles?

  Tiny specialized structures inside a cell
• What is the name of the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material?

  Nucleus
• What is found inside the nucleus?

  Nucleolus
• Where is the smooth ER located?

  Around the nucleus
• Where is the Golgi apparatus located?

  Near the nucleus
• What is the name of the organelle that contains enzymes to break down hydrogen peroxide?

  Peroxisome
• What role does the nucleus play in a cell?

  It stores the cell's DNA
• What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

  Support
• How do organelles function in a cell?

  They work together to keep the cell alive
• What are the two main types of membrane proteins?

  Integral proteins and peripheral proteins
• How does the nuclear membrane contribute to the nucleus's function?

  It protects the nucleus and regulates substances
• What is the analogy used to describe organelles in a cell?

  • Organelles are like organs in the body
  • Each has a specific role
  • They work together to maintain cell function
• What are the main components of the cell membrane?

  • Phospholipid bilayer
  • Proteins (integral and peripheral)
  • Cholesterol
  • Carbohydrates (in glycoproteins and glycolipids)
• What is the function of lysosomes?

  Digestion
• Which organelle is responsible for the movement of the cell?

  Centriole
• What is the name of the structure labeled "Nucleolus" in the image?

  Nucleolus
• What is the role of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

  Creates barrier
• What does the matrix of mitochondria contain?

  Enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes
• Where are glycoproteins located in the cell membrane?

  Exterior
• What is the control center of a eukaryotic cell?

  Nucleus
• What is the internal fluid that both cell types contain?

  Cytoplasm
• What is another name for the cell membrane?

  Plasma membrane
• What is DNA organized as in the nucleus?

  Chromatin
• What determines the amino acid sequence in proteins?

  Codons on mRNA sequence
• What do vesicles transport in the Golgi apparatus?

  Proteins and lipids
• What structures help in cell division?

  Centrioles
• What is the difference between the small and large subunits of the ribosome?

  • The small subunit binds to the mRNA and reads the genetic code
  • The large subunit joins amino acids together to form the polypeptide chain
• How does the ultrastructure of the cell nucleus contribute to its role in gene expression and regulation?

  • Chromatin structure controls access to genetic material
  • Nuclear membrane regulates transport of molecules in/out
  • Nucleolus produces ribosomes for protein synthesis
  • Nuclearpores allow selective movement of molecules
  • Nucleoplasm provides an organized environment for processes
• What are lysosomes?

  Small, membrane-bound organelles
• What is the structure of centrioles?

  Pair of cylinders
• What is the name of the molecule shown in the image that carries the genetic code?

  mRNA
• What are the characteristics of the outer and inner membranes of mitochondria?

  Outer is smooth; inner is folded