introduction- halogenoalkanes

• What is a halogenoalkane?

  A compound with hydrogen replaced by halogens
• How do we name halogenoalkanes?

  Using prefixes for halogen types and numbers
• Why is the carbon-halogen bond polar in halogenoalkanes?

  Halogens have higher electronegativity than carbon
• What does the polarity of the carbon-halogen bond cause in halogenoalkanes?

  It makes the carbon atom a target for nucleophiles
• What are common nucleophiles in halogenoalkanes?

  • OH^-
  • CN^-
  • NH₃
  • H₂O
• What is bond enthalpy?

  Energy required to break one mole of bonds
• How does bond enthalpy affect the reactivity of halogenoalkanes?

  Lower bond enthalpy means faster reactions
• What happens to carbon-halogen bond enthalpy down group 7?

  It decreases due to several factors
• What factors contribute to the decrease in carbon-halogen bond enthalpy down group 7?

  • Increasing atomic radius of halogens
  • Increasing carbon-halogen bond length
  • Decreasing electrostatic attraction
• Which halogenoalkanes react the fastest?

  Iodoalkanes with the weakest carbon-halogen bonds
• What is the bond enthalpy of C–F?

  467 kJ mol^-1
• What is the bond enthalpy of C–Cl?

  346 kJ mol^-1
• What is the bond enthalpy of C–Br?

  290 kJ mol^-1
• What is the bond enthalpy of C–I?

  228 kJ mol^-1