PLANT REPRODUCTION

• Reproduction


  biological process in which new

  individual organisms are produced,

  may it be sexual or asexual
• Vegatative parts


  Parts of the plant that does not

  participate in sexual reproduction but

  play an important role during asexual

  reproduction.
• Floral Stalk


  (Stem)
• Receptacle (torus)


  thickened part of a stem from

  which the flower grows
• Peduncle


  stalk supporting

  the flower
• Floral Envelope

  Perianth
• Petal (corolla)


  the innermost

  whorl surrounding the flowers'

  reproductive parts. It is usually

  brightly colored to attract

  pollinators
• Sepal (calyx)


  usually a

  green leaf-like structure that

  forms the outermost floral

  whorl; it protects the inner

  parts of the flower before it

  opens
• Inflorescence


  Cluster of

  flowers
• CARPEL (Gynoecium)


  The female

  reproductive part of a flower. It is

  collectively known as the Pistil.
• Stigma


  a slightly enlarged tip

  of the style on which pollen is

  deposited at pollination
• Style


  a long and thin filament

  that serves as a passageway

  for pollen grains to move from

  the stigma to the ovary
• Ovary


  a swollen basal part of

  a pistil which carries the ovule

  or eggs (yellow); where

  fertilized eggs develop
• STAMEN (Androecium)


  The male

  reproductive part of a flower
• Anther -

  where pollens are

  formed
• Filament

  • a stalk holding the

  pollen at its tip
• Complete Flower


  Has both reproductive parts (male and

  female)
• Incomplete Flower


  Missing one or more parts
• Fruits


  not only protects the seeds of plants

  but also aid in dispersal; derived from

  the maturation of a flower’s ovary
• Seed (mature Ovule)


  contains the embryo, which will

  eventually germinate and grow if

  properly dispersed in a favorable

  environment.
• Sexual Reproduction


  Involves the production of male and

  female gametes, Producing gametes

  with shared characteristics from both

  parents
• Self Pollination


  pollen is transferred to it from any

  flower of the same plant
• Cross Pollination


  ➢ pollen comes from a flower on a

  different plant.
• Wind Pollination


  ➢ When pollen is transported by wind,

  this is called anemophily
• Insect Pollination


  ➢ when an insect visits a flower. During

  this visit, it picks up pollen

  unintentionally on its body. The next

  flower it visits is then exposed to this

  pollen and fertilization can take place.
• Mutualism


  ➢ relationship in which each benefits

  from the other
• Fertilization


  the joining of male and female

  gametes, resulting in a zygote
• Asexual Reproduction


  produces plants that are genetically

  identical to the parent plant because

  no mixing of male and female

  gametes takes place
• Rhizomes


  Specializes stems: Horizontal underground plant

  stem capable of producing the

  shoot and root systems of a

  new plant
• Tuber


  specialized storage stem of

  certain seed plants. short and

  thickened and typically grow

  below the soil.
• Runner


  a slender stem that grows

  horizontally along the ground,

  giving rise to roots and aerial

  (vertical) branches at

  specialized points called

  nodes.
• Bulbs


  plants that produce

  specialized underground

  stems where buds form.
• Grafting


  Artificial Propagation: a method of asexual plant

  propagation that joins plant

  parts from different plants

  together so they will heal and

  grow as one plant.
• Layering


  the process whereby the

  branch of a tree, or other

  plant, produces roots and is

  separated from the original

  plant, becoming a new,

  separate plant.
• Cutting


  a technique where a root,

  stem, or leaf is removed from

  a plant and placed in optimum

  conditions to allow that plant

  part, also called a propagule,

  to regenerate missing organs
• Advantages of Sexual Reproduction

  • increases diversity in the genetic structure.
  • less likely to get affected by diseases
• Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

  ➢ Takes longer to produce offspring

  Requires two parents

  ➢ develop genetic

  disorders
• Advantages of Asexual Reproduction

  ➢ maintenance of genetic continuity,

  decreased energy requirements,

  numerous offspring produced quickly,

  and the fact that it does not require

  finding a mate.

  ❖ Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

  ➢ Lack of diversity.