Chemical Reactions

• Chemical Reaction - A process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products.
• A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products
• Increasing temperature increases reaction rate
• Increasing the amount of reactants in a solution increases reaction rate.
• Increasing pressure of gases increases reaction rate.
• Decreasing particle size increases rate of reaction
• increasing surface area increases rate of reaction.
• Catalysts or enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction. Since it’s easier for the reaction to occur, it’s faster.
• Reactants in the same state of matter react more readily
• increasing the amount of light increases the rate of reaction.
• Synthesis - Two or more chemicals bond together forming one new substance
• Decomposition - One substance breaks down into two or more separate substances
• Single Replacement - One element knocks another element out of a compound.
• Double Replacement - Two compounds switch ions with each other
• Combustion - A compound burns in oxygen gas. Oxygen will always be a reactant.
• An acid-base reaction, is a type of chemical reaction that occurs between an acid (H+) and a base (OH-).
• An acid-base reaction, also known as a neutralization reaction
• COLLISION THEORY - particles must collide, sufficient energy, correct orientation
• Chemical Reaction - a process in which the physical and chemical properties of the original substances change as new substances with different physical and chemical properties are formed.
• Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
• Law of Definite Proportion states that elements combined to form a compound always contain the same proportion of elements by mass.
• COMBUSTION - This is when oxygen combines with a hydrocarbon to form water and carbon dioxide