ie -> a -> e pattern

• verbs that follow this pattern:

  • geschehen (to happen) pp=+sein
  • lesen (to read) pp=+haben
  • liegen (to be lying) pp=+sein
  • sehen (to see) pp=+ haben
• [as an example]

  geschehen:

  • infinitive = GESCHEHEN
  • 3rd pers. present = GESCHIEHT
  • 3rd pers. simple past = GESCHAH
  • past participle= GESCHEHEN
• lesen:

  
  

  infinitive = lesen

  3rd pers. present = liest

  3rd pers. simple past = las

  infinitive = gelesen
• liegen:

  
  

  infinitive = liegen

  3rd pers. present = liegt

  3rd pers. simple past = lag

  past participle = gelegen
• sehen:

  
  

  infinitive = sehen

  3rd pers. present = sieht

  3rd pers. simple past = sah

  past participle = gesehen