TOPIC 1

• Cultural deprivation (BOURDIEU) - 3 main aspects:

  1. language
  2. parents education
  3. working class subculture
• Cultural deprivation: Language - Hubbs-Tait found parents that use language that challenges their children, their performance improves vs working class using restricted code
• Sugarman -

  • Fatalism
  • collectivism
  • immediate gratification
  • present time orientation
• Material deprivation:

  • poor housing - overcrowding, making it hard to study, effects on health and wellbeing. Cold or damp housing = poor health, infections and accidents = absence from school
• Material deprivation:

  Diet and Health - Howard - young people from poor homes have lower energy, vitamins and minerals which could result in illness leading to absences in school.
• Financial support and the cost of education:

  1. Tanner conducted a study and found that the cost of transport, books placed a large cost on families. - Children may get hand-me-downs and face bullying leading to further absence.
• Financial support and the cost of education:

  Fear of debt:

  • Callender and Jackson's questionnaires showed that 2,000 of working class students were debt adverse. 5 times less likely to apply than middle class students.
• Cultural capital: educational and economic capital can be converted to one another