Nervous System Integration

• What does integration refer to in the context of body systems?

  Coordination and communication
• At what levels can integration occur?

  Between cells, tissues, organs, and systems
• What are the levels of organization in the body?

  • Cell
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Organ system
  • Organism
• What defines a tissue?

  A group of two or more cell types working together
• What are the two types of cells in alveolar tissue?

  Type 1 and Type 2 pneumocytes
• How is an organ defined?

  Two or more types of tissues working together
• What is an emergent property?

  Something that arises from multiple components working together
• What two components are essential for integration?

  Communication and transport of materials
• How do hormones communicate in the body?

  Through the bloodstream
• What are target cells?

  Cells with receptors for specific hormones
• How does hormonal communication differ from nervous communication?

  Hormones are slower and longer-lasting
• What is the speed of electrical impulses in the nervous system?

  Up to 100 m/s
• What is the role of the cardiovascular system?

  Transport materials throughout the body
• What happens when you touch something hot?

  Your hand moves away automatically
• What does the brain do with sensory information?

  Processes and decides on a response
• What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

  Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
• What is the function of gray matter in the spinal cord?

  Processing information
• What is the function of white matter in the spinal cord?

  Transmitting signals
• What do sensory receptors do?

  Gather information and send it to the CNS
• What is the role of interneurons?

  Connect sensory and motor neurons
• What is a reflex arc?

  An involuntary and rapid response to stimuli
• What part of the brain coordinates muscle contractions?

  The cerebellum
• How does the cerebellum contribute to balance?

  Coordinates timing of muscle contractions
• What is muscle memory?

  Automatic muscle movements from practice
• What are the key components of nervous system integration?

  • Communication through hormones and electrical impulses
  • Transport of materials and energy
  • Coordination of actions between organs and systems