Physics 1

• Energy is conserved in any interaction and cannot be created or destroyed
• Kinetic energy is calculated using the equation e = 1/2 mv^2
• Gravitational potential energy is calculated using the equation e = mgh
• Thermal energy is calculated using the equation e = mcΔT
• Energy must be transferred between objects or stores in a closed system
• GPE lost = KE gained in a roller coaster example
• The speed of an object can be calculated by rearranging the kinetic energy equation
• Resistance and length of wire are directly proportional in a simple circuit
• In a series circuit, total PD is shared between components, current is the same for all components, and total resistance is the sum of all resistances
• Resistance of a metal filament in a bulb increases with higher PD and current, resulting in a curved graph
• Resistance of a resistor can be determined by picking a point on the V-I graph and rearranging Ohm's law (R = V/I)
• Resistance of a diode is very high in one direction and very low in the other, causing a sudden increase in current at a certain voltage
• Gamma radiation has higher penetrating power than alpha radiation.
• Half-life is the time it takes for the activity of a radioactive isotope to decrease by half.
• Nuclear fusion is the merging of light nuclei into a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
• Radioactivity is the rate of decay of a source of alpha, beta, or gamma radiation.
• Fusion reactors have not yet been successfully harnessed for practical energy production.
• Fusion reactions occur in the Sun and produce energy.
• Nuclear fission is the splitting of a nucleus into two daughter nuclei, releasing energy.
• Gamma radiation can be used for radiotherapy and sterilizing medical equipment.
• V is equal to 2 * the kinetic energy divided by the mass or square rooted
• Elastic potential energy and kinetic energy can be equated
• The mass cancels out when rearranging the equations
• Power is the rate of energy transferred
• Specific heat capacity can be found through a practical experiment
• Efficiency is a measure of how much energy is used usefully
• Energy sources include fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, renewable sources like wind, hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, and biofuel
• The rest of the energy in a system can be lost to the surroundings
• Current is the rate of flow of charge and is measured in amps.
• The battery transfers its chemical potential energy to the electrons, which then move through the wires.
• Potential difference (PD) or voltage tells us how much energy is transferred per unit of charge.
• The electrons continue to flow in a loop, returning to the battery to be refilled with energy.
• Resistance in components like bulbs and resistors causes them to resist the flow of current.
• Electricity is the flow of charge or charges like electrons.
• The electrons transfer their energy to the bulb, converting it into light and heat.
• Current is the movement of charge, and it flows from the positive terminal of the battery to the negative.
• Increasing the potential difference increases the current flowing through a resistor.
• The National Grid uses transformers to increase the transmission voltage and reduce energy loss.
• A fuse is attached to the live wire to prevent excessive current and potential damage.
• Beta radiation is emitted during beta decay, where a neutron in the nucleus turns into a proton and an electron.