Physics paper1 aqa

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ose.era

Cards (89)

When 2 nuclei combine as one as in stars or in the sun 
what is nuclear fusion?
when the atomic nucleus splits to form two smaller nuclei, releasing lots of energy 
what is nuclear fission?
naturally occurring isotopes on earth in rocks, radiation from space, radiation from nuclear industry
give examples of background radiation
Sievert (Sv) 
what is the unit of a radiation dose?
unwanted presence of radioactive material in or on an object
what is "contamination" ?
exposure to radiation 
what is "irradiation"?
the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value.
what is half life?
atomic number increases by 1, mass number stays the same 
how does beta decay affect the mass number and atomic number of the atom?
atomic number reduced by 2, mass number reduced by 4 
how does alpha decay affect the mass number and atomic number of the atom?
electromagnetic wave, strongly penetrating and weakly ionising
describe gamma radiation
electron. Moderately ionising and penetrating 
describe beta particles
alpha particle is a helium nucleus - 2 protons, 2 neutrons. It is strongly ionising and weakly penetrating 
describe alpha radiation
atoms of the same atomic number but different mass number 
what is an isotope?
an atom that has lost or gained electrons, so is charged
What is an ion?
number of protons plus neutrons
what is mass number of an atom?
number of protons 
What is atomic number?
equal numbers of protons and electrons 
Why does an atom have no overall charge?
more than 10,000 times smaller 
how much smaller is a nucleus compared to the atom?
1 x 10-^10m 
what is the radius of an atom?
positively charge sphere with tiny negative electrons stuck in the surface 
describe the plum pudding model of the atom
Increases 
if you increase temperature of a gas in a constant volume, what happens to pressure?
constantly moving with random directions and speeds 
how do particles in a gas behave?
J/kg 
What are the units for specific latent heat?
the energy needed to change the state of a substance 
what is specific latent heat?
freezing, melting, boiling/evaporating; condensing and sublimating 
name 5 different changes of state
the total energy in a system that its particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores 
what is the definition of internal energy?
energy is being transferred to breaking bonds and not to increasing temperature 
why are there flat parts of the graph?
balance for mass; eureka can ; measuring cylinder 
what pieces of apparatus are needed to calculate density of an object?
solid, liquid, gas 
what are the 3 states of matter?
they point AWAY from positive and TOWARDS negative. The closer the lines are, the stronger the field strength
what do electric field lines show?
it increases 
what happens to the strength of an electric field as you move closer to a charged object?
causes a large p.d between the object and the earth so the charge jumps
explain why a large charge on an isolated object can result in a spark
negatively charged electrons are rubbed off the first insulator 
how can an insulator become positively charged when it is rubbed against another insulator?
electric charge that can't move
What is static charge?
VsIs = VpIp 
what formula is used to calculate p.d in transformers?
step-up = higher voltage and therefore lower current. Therefore less energy is lost from power cables by heat 
why are step-up transformers used in the national grid?
changes p.d of a power supply
What does a transformer do?
your body is 0V and the live wire is 230V, so there will be a large pd between you and the wire, causing current to flow from you to the ground 
how can touching a live wire give you an electric shock even if the appliance is turned off?
blue 
In a plug, what colour is the neutral wire?
green and yellow
In a plug, what colour is the earth wire?