AQA Chemistry Paper 1

• Describe the structure of a diamond


  Diamond has a giant molecular structure. Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms, diamonds contains many strong covalent bonds
• How many bonds does Carbon form?

  Carbon forms 4 bonds
• What element is diamond formed from?


  Diamond is formed from the element carbon
• Name three giant covalent molecules

  Three giant covalent molecules are diamond, silicon dioxide and graphite
• Do giant covalent molecules have high or low melting and boiling points?

  Giant covalent molecules have high melting and boiling points because they have millions of strong covalent bonds
• What state are giant covalent molecules at room temperature?

  Giant covalent molecules are solids at room tempreature
• Why can't Covalent Molecules conduct electricity ?

  Covalent Molecules can't conduct electricity because they don't have an overall electric charge
• Why do Covalent Molecules have a low melting and boiling point?

  Covalent Molecules have a low melting and boiling point because the bond between the molecules is weak and so it doesn't need a lot of energy to break the intermolecular forces
• What are the properties of covalent molecules

  The properties covalent molecules are that they share electrons when they react, they have a low melting and boiling points and cannot conduct electricity
• How are full outer energy levels achieved in covalent bonding?

  In covalent bonding full outer energy levels are achieved by two non-metals sharing electrons
• In covalent bonding what two types of element react?

  In covalent bonding happens between two non-metals
• Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are liquids or dissolved in water?

  Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when they are liquids or dissolved in water because the ions can now move and carry the charge
• Why can't ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are solids?


  Ionic compounds can't conduct electricity when they are solids because the ions cannot move, they are locked in place by strong electrostatic forces
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  Tonic compounds have high melting and boiling points because the strong electrostatic forces require a lot of heat energy to break
• What are the properties of ionic compounds

  The properties of ionic compounds are that they can transfer electrons when they react, they have high melting and boiling points and can conduct electricity when they are not solids
• What are ionic compounds held together by?

  Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces
• Describe the structure of an ionic compound

  Ionic compounds form a giant ionic lattice where every positive ion is surrounded by a negative ions
• What ions do Group 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 elements form?

  Group 1/ 1+

  Group 2/ 2+

  Group 3/ 3+

  Group 5/ 3-

  Group 6/ 2-

  Group 7/ 1-
• How do ionic compounds achieve full outer shells?

  Ionic compounds transfer electrons to achieve full outer shells
• How are full outer energy levels achieved in ionic bonding?

  Electrons from the metal is transferred to the non-metals to give both elements full outer shells
• In ionic bonding what two types of element react?

  In ionic bonding a metal reacts with a non-metal
• How do elements form compounds?

  Elements form compounds by gaining or losing electrons or by sharing electrons
• How are the forces between particles affected by melting and boiling points?

  Substances with higher and melting and boiling points have stronger forces between the particles
• When does a liquid become a gas?

  A liquid turns into a gas when it reaches it's boiling point. As the temperature increases the particles move around faster, at the boiling point bubbles of gas form and rise to the surface and a gas is formed
• When does a solid become a liquid?

  A solid turns into a liquid when it reaches it's melting point. As the temperature increases the particles vibrate faster until the forces between them breaks and a liquid is formed
• Describe the particles in a gas

  The particles in a gas are much further apart in a random arrangement, they move very quickly
• Describe the particles in a liquid

  The particles in a liquid are close together in a changing, random arrangement, they can move around
• Describe the particles in a solid

  The particles in a solid are packed closely together in a fixed arrangement, they vibrate constantly
• What is the particle theory?

  The particle theory describes the movement and arrangement of particles
• What are the three states of matter?

  The three states of matter are solids, liquids and gases
• C3 Structure and bonding
• Name some properties of transition elements

  Transition metals are hard and strong and have a high density and melting point, they are good conductors of heat and electricity. They for coloured compounds and can be used as catalysts
• Where are transition metals located?


  Transition metals are located in the centre of the periodic table

  
• Describe the correlation of the melting and boiling point of a group 0 element and it's location in the table

  Group 0 elements have a lower melting and boiling point as you move down the columnSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• Why are group 0 elements unreactive?


  Group 0 elements have full outer shells and so they don't need to react to fill up their shells
• What elements are in group 0?

  Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon
• Give an example of a displacement reaction

  Sodium Bromide + Fluorine → Sodium + Bromine Fluoride
• Explain what happens in a displacement reaction

  A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt
• Why is it harder for an element at the bottom of the group to gain an electron that an element at the top of the group?

  An element at the top has less distance between the nucleus and the outer energy level so it gains electrons easier, an element at the bottom has a greater distance between the nucleus and the outer energy level so it is harder to gain electrons
• Describe the correlation of the reactivity of a group 7 element and it's location in the table

  Group 7 elements have a lower reactivity as you move down the columnSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!