AQA Chemistry Paper 1

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Cards (100)

Describe the structure of a diamond 
Diamond has a giant molecular structure. Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms, diamonds contains many strong covalent bonds
How many bonds does Carbon form?
Carbon forms 4 bonds
What element is diamond formed from? 
Diamond is formed from the element carbon
Name three giant covalent molecules
Three giant covalent molecules are diamond, silicon dioxide and graphite
Do giant covalent molecules have high or low melting and boiling points?
Giant covalent molecules have high melting and boiling points because they have millions of strong covalent bonds
What state are giant covalent molecules at room temperature?
Giant covalent molecules are solids at room tempreature
Why can't Covalent Molecules conduct electricity ?
Covalent Molecules can't conduct electricity because they don't have an overall electric charge
Why do Covalent Molecules have a low melting and boiling point?
Covalent Molecules have a low melting and boiling point because the bond between the molecules is weak and so it doesn't need a lot of energy to break the intermolecular forces
What are the properties of covalent molecules
The properties covalent molecules are that they share electrons when they react, they have a low melting and boiling points and cannot conduct electricity
How are full outer energy levels achieved in covalent bonding?
In covalent bonding full outer energy levels are achieved by two non-metals sharing electrons
In covalent bonding what two types of element react?
In covalent bonding happens between two non-metals
Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are liquids or dissolved in water?
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when they are liquids or dissolved in water because the ions can now move and carry the charge
Why can't ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are solids? 
Ionic compounds can't conduct electricity when they are solids because the ions cannot move, they are locked in place by strong electrostatic forces
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Tonic compounds have high melting and boiling points because the strong electrostatic forces require a lot of heat energy to break
What are the properties of ionic compounds
The properties of ionic compounds are that they can transfer electrons when they react, they have high melting and boiling points and can conduct electricity when they are not solids
What are ionic compounds held together by?
Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces
Describe the structure of an ionic compound
Ionic compounds form a giant ionic lattice where every positive ion is surrounded by a negative ions
What ions do Group 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 elements form?
Group 1/ 1+
Group 2/ 2+
Group 3/ 3+
Group 5/ 3-
Group 6/ 2-
Group 7/ 1-
How do ionic compounds achieve full outer shells?
Ionic compounds transfer electrons to achieve full outer shells
How are full outer energy levels achieved in ionic bonding?
Electrons from the metal is transferred to the non-metals to give both elements full outer shells
In ionic bonding what two types of element react?
In ionic bonding a metal reacts with a non-metal
How do elements form compounds?
Elements form compounds by gaining or losing electrons or by sharing electrons
How are the forces between particles affected by melting and boiling points?
Substances with higher and melting and boiling points have stronger forces between the particles
When does a liquid become a gas?
A liquid turns into a gas when it reaches it's boiling point. As the temperature increases the particles move around faster, at the boiling point bubbles of gas form and rise to the surface and a gas is formed
When does a solid become a liquid?
A solid turns into a liquid when it reaches it's melting point. As the temperature increases the particles vibrate faster until the forces between them breaks and a liquid is formed
Describe the particles in a gas
The particles in a gas are much further apart in a random arrangement, they move very quickly
Describe the particles in a liquid
The particles in a liquid are close together in a changing, random arrangement, they can move around
Describe the particles in a solid
The particles in a solid are packed closely together in a fixed arrangement, they vibrate constantly
What is the particle theory?
The particle theory describes the movement and arrangement of particles
What are the three states of matter?
The three states of matter are solids, liquids and gases
C3 Structure and bonding
Name some properties of transition elements
Transition metals are hard and strong and have a high density and melting point, they are good conductors of heat and electricity. They for coloured compounds and can be used as catalysts
Where are transition metals located? 
Transition metals are located in the centre of the periodic table
Describe the correlation of the melting and boiling point of a group 0 element and it's location in the table
Group 0 elements have a lower melting and boiling point as you move down the columnSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Why are group 0 elements unreactive? 
Group 0 elements have full outer shells and so they don't need to react to fill up their shells
What elements are in group 0?
Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon
Give an example of a displacement reaction
Sodium Bromide + Fluorine → Sodium + Bromine Fluoride
Explain what happens in a displacement reaction
A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt
Why is it harder for an element at the bottom of the group to gain an electron that an element at the top of the group?
An element at the top has less distance between the nucleus and the outer energy level so it gains electrons easier, an element at the bottom has a greater distance between the nucleus and the outer energy level so it is harder to gain electrons
Describe the correlation of the reactivity of a group 7 element and it's location in the table
Group 7 elements have a lower reactivity as you move down the columnSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!