Key terms P

• What are the key stages of psychosexual development?

  1. Oral stage
  2. Anal stage
  3. Phallic stage
  4. Latency stage
  5. Genital stage
• What are the main defence mechanisms?

  • Denial
  • Displacement
  • Repression
  • Projection
  • Rationalization
• What is the term for the envy girls feel towards boys? Makes them annoyed with their mother

  Penis envy
• description of oral stage

  focus of pleasure is the mouth, mothers breast is the object of desire. 0-1 years old
• description of anal stage

  focus of pleasure is the anus. child gains pleasure from expelling and witholding faeces. 1-3 years old.
• description of phallic stage

  focus of pleasure is the genital area. child experiences oedipus or electra complex. 3-5 years old
• description of latency stage

  earlier conflicts are repressed.
• description of genital stage

  sexual desires become conscious alongside the onset of puberty
• consequence of an unresolved conflict at oral stage

  oral fixation- smoking, biting nails, sarcastic, critical
• consequence of an unresolved conflict at anal stage

  • anal retentive- perfectionist, obsessive
  • anal expulsive- thoughtless, messy
• consequence of an unresolved conflict at phallic stage

  phallic personality- narcissistic, reckless, possibly homosexual.
• consequence of an unresolved conflict at latency stage

  there are none
• consequence of an unresolved conflict at genital stage

  difficulty forming heterosexual relationships
• definition of projection

  where someone attributes their own feelings, thoughts, or behaviours onto another person or group
• definition of rationalization

  involves providing logical explanations for behaviours or feelings that are actually motivated by unconscious desires or impulses.
• Define castration anxiety

  During the Oedipus complex, boys will experience this as a result of having sexual feelings for their mother and fearing their father will find out.
• Define defence mechanisms

  Strategies which are used by the ego in order to protect us from psychological harm.
• Define denial

  A defence mechanism in which we refuse to acknowledge some aspect of reality.
• Define displacement

  A defence mechanism in which we transfer feelings from the true source of distressing emotion onto a substitute target.
• Define ego

  The reality principle in which the consequences are considered, and a balance is made between what the individual wants (id) and what is right (superego)
• Define electra complex

  This occurs in girls during the phallic stage and leads to the development of the female gender identity.

   
• Gender

  A real-world application of the psychoanalytic theory due to identification with the same sex parent.
• Define iceberg analogy

  Freud used this in order to reflect the way the largest and most significant factor is beneath the surface.
• Define ID

  The pleasure principle that is based on biological instinctual drives without any thought to the consequences.
• Define identification

  A process by which children engage in the attitudes and behaviours of their same sex parent.
• Define latency

  The fourth stage of psychosexual development between the ages of 5 and puberty in which the focus is on friendships than sexual energy.
• Little Hans

  A case study that has been used to support the idea of the Oedipus complex.

   
• Define oedipus complex

  This occurs in boys during the phallic stage and leads to the development of the male gender identity.
• Define penis envy

  According to the Electra complex, girls experience this and blame their mothers which leads to them fearing the mother and later identifying with her.

   
• Define Psychoanalysis

  The therapy that was developed by Freud including the use of dream analysis and free association.
• Define psychosexual stages

  According to Freud, there are five of these representing the different ways in which sexual energy is fulfilled.
• Define repression

  A defence mechanism in which we force a distressing memory out of the conscious mind and into the unconscious mind
• Define superego

  The morality principle in which the individual will experience guilt if they act in a certain way. It acts like the conscience. Represents 'ideal' self
• Define tripartite personality

  A key term for the division of our personality into three components of id, ego and superego
• Define unconscious

  According to Freud, this is the driving force behind our behaviour, referring to that which we are not aware of.