Sociology-families

• Triple shift:

  -Domestic labour

  -Paid labour

  -emotional labour
• Duel burden:

  -Paid labour

  -childcare
• Instrumental Role:

  An economically active role within the family. They are an adult who goes out of the family home to work and earn money.
• Expressive role:

  A caring, nurturing "home maker" role, carrying out the emotional work within the family
• Joint conjugal role

  A family where the expressive and instrumental roles are shared.
• Segregated conjugal roles:

  A family where the expressive and instrumental roles are carried out by different people within the family. Roles are clearly defined.
• Symmetrical family:

  A family where both adults take equal share in all roles including childcare, domestic labour and paid employment.
• Inequality:

  A situation whereby individuals do not experience fair treatment or fair opportunities compared to other people in the same situation.
• March of progress: A sociological viewpoint that assumes that society and the institutions within it are improving all the time for the good of society and the people within them.
• Duel earner family:

  A family in which both partners do paid employment.
• Fertility rate:

  The number of children born per woman of a child bearing age.
• Infant mortality rate: The number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births.
• Birth rate: The number of live births per 1,000 people per year.
• Death rate: The number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
• The aging population refers to a population with an increasing average age due to the presence of older individuals.
• Dependency ratio:

  The ratio of people who are economically active and those who rely on the economically active.
• Immigration:

  People entering a country (to live) from another.
• Emigration:

  People leaving a country to live to another.
• Life expectancy:

  The average age people within a country live until.
• Net migration:

  The difference between the number of people leaving a country and entering a country to live.
• Institutional ageism:

  Systematic neglect of the needs of the elderly or outright discrimination.
• Globalisation:

  The growing inter-connectedness of different parts of the world with national boundaries becoming less and less significant.
• Liberal feminists:

  Focuses on achieving gender equality through legal and political reform.
• Radical feminism:

  Views patriarchy as the root cause of gender inequality and advocates for fundamental societal changes.
• Marxist feminism:

  Explores the intersection of class and gender, arguing that capitalism perpetuates gender inequalities.
• Postmodern feminism:

  Emphasizes the diversity of women's experiences and challenges the idea of a universal female identity.
• Patriarchy:

  A social system where men hold primary power and dominate roles in politics, economics, and society.
• Domestic violence:

  Harm against your partner.
• Critique of traditional roles:

  Feminists argue against traditional gender roles within families, emphasizing shared responsibilities.
• How does advances in healthcare increase life expectancy?

  Significant improvements in medical technology, treatments, and healthcare infrastructure.
• How does disease prevention increase life expectancy?

  Public health efforts, including vaccination programs, campaigns against smoking, and initiatives to combat infectious diseases.
• How does access to healthcare increase life expectancy?

  Widespread access to healthcare services ensuring timely and effective medical care.
• How does nutrition and food safety increase life expectancy?

  Improved understanding of nutrition, safer food practices, and access to a diverse and nutritious diet.
• How does safer work environments increase life expectancy?

  Enhanced workplace safety measures and a decrease in hazardous occupations.
• How does clean water and sanitation increase life expectancy?

  Access to clean water and improved sanitation, reducing the prevalence of waterborne diseases.
• How does technological  advances increase life expectancy?

  Technology facilitating medical research, diagnosis, and treatment for better health outcomes.
• Social blurring:

  The blurring of traditional boundaries between childhood and adulthood, influenced by changing social norms, expectations, and cultural shifts.
• Age patriarchy:

  A concept highlighting the power dynamics favoring adults over children in decision-making processes, societal structures, and institutions.
• Disappearance of childhood:

  A sociological perspective suggesting that traditional notions of a carefree and innocent childhood are diminishing due to various societal influences.
• Divorce:

  The termination of a marriage.