Circulatory System

• Function of the circulatory system - Transportation system

  • oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body
  • nitrogenous wastes to the kidneys for removal
  • carbon dioxide waste from cells to the lungs from removal
  • food nutrients from the intestines to cells for energy
  • Hormones (from glands) and immune cells
  • Also helps regulate body temperature
• Circulatory system is composed of:

  • Heart
  • cardiac muscle which is enclosed in protective tissue called pericardium
  • contractions pump blood through the system - 72 times/min
  • the heart has its own blood supply through the coronary arteries
  • coronary -> heart
  • Heart divided in middle by the septum
• Circulatory system is composed of:

  • Heart (Pt. 2)
  • 4 heart chambers:
  • atria: 2 upper (collecting) chambers that receive blood into the heart
  • receiving chambers
  • ventricle: 2 lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart.
  • pumping chambers
  • Has thicker muscle to pump blood out to lungs/body
• Circulatory system is composed of:

  • Heart (Pt. 3)
  • 2 set of valves:
  • tricuspid & mitral valves separates the atria from ventricles
  • prevents black flow into the atria
  • pulmonary & aortic valves separates the major vessels leaving the heart from the 2 ventricles
  • prevents back flow into the ventricles
• Circulatory system is composed of:

  • Circulation: The heart functions as 2 separate pumps that blood in 2 circuits around the body
  • Pulmonary circulation = heart -> lungs -> heart
  • right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs - high CO2
  • blood enters the capillaries around the alveoli of the lungs and collects oxygen and releases carbon dioxide as it diffuses through the cell later of the alveoli and capillaries
  • this oxygenated blood then returns to the left side of the heart
• Circulatory system is composed of:

  • Circulation: The heart functions as 2 separate pumps that blood in 2 circuits around the body
  • Systemic Circulation = Heart -> body -> heart
  • the left ventricle pumps blood to the whole body delivering oxygen to the cells
  • flow goes back to the right side of the heart with CO2 rich blood
• Circulatory system is composed of:

  • Circulation: The heart functions as 2 separate pumps that blood in 2 circuits around the body
  • pacemakers: 2 bundles of nerves in the heart that cause the atria and ventricles to contract
• Circulatory system is composed of:

  • blood vessels: blood flows through 3 types of vessels
  • arteries
  • carries blood away from the heart (oxygenated except pulmonary art.)
  • aorta is thick to withstand pressure of blood flow
  • capillaries
  • brings nutrients and oxygen to tissues and cells of organs and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste (metabolic waste like urea) from tissues and organs
  • one cell layer thick to allow diffusion
  • veins
  • carries blood TO the heart (deoxygenated except pulmonary vein from lung)
  • has valves to keep blood flowing up towards the heart
• Circulatory system is composed of:

  • blood vessels
  • blood pressure
  • force of blood on arteries
  • systolic # in blood pressure is force on arteries when ventricles contract
  • diastolic # is force on arteries when ventricles are relaxed
  • normal - 110/70 (systolic/diastolic) - new guidelines
• Circulatory system is composed of:

  • Blood
  • plasma = yellow liquid - blood clotting, proteins
  • red blood cells: transport oxygen - contains hemoglobin, iron protein that binds to oxygen
  • white blood cells: fight infection
  • platelets: blood clotting protein
• What is the goal of pulmonary circulation?

  To distribute O2 throughout the body
• What is the goal of systemic circulation?

  To collect CO2 in the body
• Name the type of blood vessel that...

  • carries blood away from the heart - pulmonary artery
  • carries blood to the heart - pulmonary veins
  • are extremely small and are the site of gas and nutrient exchange between blood and body tissues - capillaries
  • has valves to help bring blood back to the heart - veins
  • are under the greatest pressure as the heart contracts to push blood through the entire body - artery
  • carry oxygen-rich blood (with the exception of one) - vein
  • carry oxygen-poor blood (with the exception of one) - artery
• Name the part of the heart that...

  • collects oxygen-poor blood from the body - right atria
  • collects oxygen-rich blood from the lungs - left atria
  • prevents blood from flowing backwards - valves
  • pumps blood to the lungs - left ventricle
  • pumps blood to the body - right ventricle
• Name the part of blood that...

  • carries oxygen using hemoglobin proteins - red blood cells
  • helps fight infection - white blood cells
  • helps clot blood when a wound occurs - platelets
  • transports carbon dioxide, nutrients and hormones around the body - plasma
• Which is the largest and main artery of the circulatory system

  aorta
• Name the blood vessels that carry blood from the upper and lower parts of the body

  vena cava
• what separates the left and right side of the heart?

  septum
• Name the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs

  pulmonary artery & pulmonary veins
• Name the four chambers of the heart

  R. + L. atria & R. + L. ventricles