Cold War

• Two New Superpowers Emerge!

  • Soviet Union because of large area, population and wealth of natural resources, and led world in military might
• Two New Superpowers Emerge!

  • SU army occupied Central/Eastern Europe Manchuria, N. Korea
• Two New Superpowers Emerge!

  • US only nation to equal Soviets in military strength 
• Two New Superpowers Emerge!

  • US had military bases around the world + wealthy so could provide foreign aid
• Establishment of UN

  • “We the peoples of the United Nations, determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind… do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations”
• UN who and what…

  • “Big Five” Soviet Union, US, Britain, France and China laid out initial plans for UN
• UN who and what…

  • April 1945, delegates from 51 nations gather in San Francisco to formally establish UN
• UN who and what…

  Most important Goals:

  • To keep world peace and prevent outbreak of new wars
  • Help advance justice and law throughout the world
  • Defend human rights and help promote equality among different individuals and groups around the globe
  • To encourage friendly relations among nations
• Where was Canada?

  • “Middle Power”
• Where was Canada?

  • Mackenzie King (Canadian PM) wants to make sure we will not be forced into future wars
• Where was Canada?

  • UN charter changed so that any country asked to contribute to UN missions had a right to have a say in the operations.
• HOT War

  • Actual conflict between countries that are at war
  • For example, the First World War and the Second World War
• Cold War

  • Conflict between countries that did not involve actual battles between the two countries
• Building the Berlin Wall

  • Berlin divided into East and West sections
• Building the Berlin Wall

  • Distrust between Soviets and US  
• Building the Berlin Wall

  • Built by Soviets to stop people fleeing to the West. This had caused embarrassment and economic problems
• Lead up - Spying

  • The Gouzenko Affair (Sept 5, 1945)
• Lead up - Spying

  • Russian cipher clerk (a person who coded and decoded messages)
• Lead up - Spying

  • Told RCMP that the Russians were spying on Canada and the US
• Features of Cold War

  • A power struggle and competition between the U.S.A and its allies, against the U.S.S.R and its allies.
• Features of Cold War

  1. Economic Competition: communism vs. capitalism (which is the better way of life?)
• Features of Cold War

  • 2. Military Competition: An Arms race started when the U.S.S.R had the bomb in 1949.
  • Stockpile nuclear weapons. 
• Cold War Features

  • 3. Espionage: Spying on one another for secrets.
• Cold War Features

  • 4. Propaganda: Fear of Soviets created in North America (the Red Menace)
• Cold War Features

  • 5. War by Proxy: Involvement/encouragement in wars where the U.S.A backed one side and the U.S.S.R backed the other.  (Korea, Suez, Vietnam)
• The Korean War

  • First proxy war of the Cold War
• The Korean War

  • Starts in 1950 with Soviet backed North Korea invading South Korea
• The Korean War

  • US and allies, including Canada, send military to defend South Korea
• The Korean War

  • Idea is to contain spread of communism
• The Korean War

  • Both sides agreed to stop fighting, and a demilitarized zone was set up between the two countries
• Space Race

  • Sputnik was launched by the Soviet Union on Oct 4, 1957 – the first artificial satellite, followed by the Soviets putting Yuri Gagarin in orbit
• Space Race

  • Many said the significance was really the reality of the rocket – if your could throw a satellite into space, you could also throw a weapon!
• Space Race

  • US struggled to keep up initially, but was eventually successful with moon missions
• Alliances

  • NATO -North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Alliances

  • “An armed attack against any one of them  as an attack against all”
• Alliances

  • The Warsaw Pact
• Alliances

  • The Soviet Union Organized its own  alliance
• Alliances

  • U.S.S.R., Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria,  Hungary, Romania, Albania, East Germany
• The Defense of North America

  • Canada and the USA signed the North American Air Defense (NORAD) Treaty
• The Defense of North America

  • The two countries would cooperate to detect and intercept Soviet aircraft