SovietUnion because of large area, population and wealth of natural resources, and led world in military might
Two New Superpowers Emerge!
SU army occupied Central/Eastern Europe Manchuria, N. Korea
Two New Superpowers Emerge!
US only nation to equal Soviets in military strength
Two New Superpowers Emerge!
US had military bases around the world + wealthy so could provide foreign aid
Establishment of UN
“We the peoples of the United Nations, determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind… do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the UnitedNations”
UN who and what…
“Big Five” Soviet Union, US, Britain, France and China laid out initial plans for UN
UN who and what…
April 1945, delegates from 51 nations gather in San Francisco to formally establish UN
UN who and what…
Most important Goals:
To keep world peace and prevent outbreak of new wars
Help advance justice and law throughout the world
Defend human rights and help promote equality among different individuals and groups around the globe
To encourage friendly relations among nations
Where was Canada?
“Middle Power”
Where was Canada?
Mackenzie King (Canadian PM) wants to make sure we will not be forced into future wars
Where was Canada?
UN charter changed so that any country asked to contribute to UN missions had a right to have a say in the operations.
HOT War
Actual conflict between countries that are at war
For example, the First World War and the Second World War
Cold War
Conflict between countries that did not involve actual battles between the two countries
Building the Berlin Wall
Berlin divided into East and West sections
Building the Berlin Wall
Distrust between Soviets and US
Building the Berlin Wall
Built by Soviets to stop people fleeing to the West. This had caused embarrassment and economic problems
Lead up - Spying
The Gouzenko Affair (Sept 5, 1945)
Lead up - Spying
Russian cipherclerk (a person who coded and decoded messages)
Lead up - Spying
Told RCMP that the Russians were spying on Canada and the US
Features of Cold War
A power struggle and competition between the U.S.A and its allies, against the U.S.S.R and its allies.
Features of Cold War
Economic Competition: communism vs. capitalism (which is the better way of life?)
Features of Cold War
2. MilitaryCompetition: An Arms race started when the U.S.S.R had the bomb in 1949.
Stockpile nuclear weapons.
Cold War Features
3. Espionage: Spying on one another for secrets.
Cold War Features
4. Propaganda: Fear of Soviets created in North America (the Red Menace)
Cold War Features
5. War by Proxy: Involvement/encouragement in wars where the U.S.A backed one side and the U.S.S.R backed the other. (Korea, Suez, Vietnam)
The Korean War
First proxy war of the Cold War
The Korean War
Starts in 1950 with Soviet backed North Korea invading South Korea
The Korean War
US and allies, including Canada, send military to defend South Korea
The Korean War
Idea is to contain spread of communism
The Korean War
Both sides agreed to stop fighting, and a demilitarized zone was set up between the two countries
Space Race
Sputnik was launched by the Soviet Union on Oct 4, 1957 – the first artificial satellite, followed by the Soviets putting Yuri Gagarin in orbit
Space Race
Many said the significance was really the reality of the rocket – if your could throw a satellite into space, you could also throw a weapon!
Space Race
US struggled to keep up initially, but was eventually successful with moon missions
Alliances
NATO -North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Alliances
“An armed attack against any one of them as an attack against all”
Alliances
The Warsaw Pact
Alliances
The Soviet Union Organized its own alliance
Alliances
U.S.S.R., Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Albania, East Germany
The Defense of North America
Canada and the USA signed the North American Air Defense (NORAD) Treaty
The Defense of North America
The two countries would cooperate to detect and intercept Soviet aircraft