OCC Finals

• Intrapersonal communication is communication with oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking, used to tell ourselves what to do and what not to do, to motivate and push ourselves beyond, and to criticize our own actions and secret self.
• Voices in our head, also known as Inner Voices, include Self-talk, which says things you don’t necessarily say out loud, Inner Critic, which condemns and judges you, Inner Defender, which blames others for your failure, and Inner Guide, which says positive things about yourself.
• Dyadic communication happens between two individuals and is spontaneous or unplanned, with feedback given and received instantly.
• Small-group communication is composed of 3 to less than 15 people, with interactions among individuals who are connected through a common purpose or shared identity and serve different purposes.
• Public communication involves a large group which typically listens to a one-way monologue, with purposes to entertain, persuade, and inform, and generates little feedback.
• Mass communication is public communication transmitted to many people through print or electronic media, allowing us to communicate our message to a large number of people.
• Frozen speech is “frozen” in time and form, often learned and repeated, and includes national anthems, prayers, and bible verses.
• Examples of commemorative speeches include toasts, tributes, and eulogies.
• Entertainment speech allows us to congratulate, toast, celebrate, and say goodbye in creative and eloquent ways, with the goal of stirring the audience’s emotions.
• Types of entertainment speech include speech to present an award, acceptance speech, keynote address, commemorative speech, and after-dinner speech.
• Informative speech is used to give your audience information that they may not know or educate them more on a certain topic that you are familiar with, and it is most used at the workplace and is the most important public speaking skill.
• Types of informative speech include definition speech, descriptive speech, explanatory speech, and demonstrative speech.
• To deliver an impromptu speech, go slowly, take your time to begin, stand tall, talk conversationally, personalize your speech, keep it short and to the point, and remember to breathe.
• Impromptu speech is delivered without predetermination or preparation, and the speaker is most commonly provided with their topic in the form of quotation, objects, proverb, one-word abstract, or one of the many alternatives.
• Formal style, also known as academic style, avoids slang, idiomatic expressions, and contraction, is usually a one-way communication, and is often used in professional settings.
• Consultative style is used in professional settings, addresses the other person with a formal title, is two-way communication, and one person is more knowledgeable and has greater expertise than the other.
• Casual style has a conversational tone, includes slang, vulgarities, and colloquialisms, uses informal language, has a looser sentence structure with frequent interruption and hesitation, and grammatical rules are not always followed.
• Aristotle’s modes of persuasion include Ethos (Ethics), Logos (Logic), Pathos (Emotion).
• Gathering supporting materials involves providing evidence and statistics to support your claims, giving the speaker more credibility and expertise.
• Reducing speaker anxiety involves understanding your audience's understanding of your nervousness, being yourself, beginning in your comfort zone by practicing and sharing your fears with friends, channeling your nervousness into positive energy, concentrating on the message, and understanding that audiences are forgiving and understanding.
• Developing an informative speech requires creativity, avoiding information overload, and using visuals.
• Generating main ideas involves dividing the central idea into main points, with a good speech having at least two to five main points.
• Tips for effective practice include reading through the text before you begin, being relaxed, breathing slowly and deeply, making eye contact, sticking to the general outline of your notes, speaking slowly and clearly, and using gestures.
• Organizing your speech should have three different parts: Introduction, Body, Conclusion.
• Central idea, also called the thesis statement, is stated in a complete, declarative sentence and focuses on the content of the speech.
• Persuasive speech goal is to convince the audience to accept your point of view, with success measured by the audience’s willingness to consider your argument.
• Chronological pattern, spatial pattern, topical pattern, cause-effect pattern, problem-solution pattern, comparison-contrast pattern are different patterns in which an informative speech can be organized.
• Selecting a topic involves narrowing down the general topic, asking questions about interest, enjoyment, passion, and focus on one single aspect.
• Demonstrative speech usually needs visual aids to be fully understood by the audience.
• Formulating the specific-purpose statement involves starting with standard wording, adding a verb, and finishing with details.
• Audience analysis involves demographics, psychological factors, situational factors.
• Intimate style is among family members and close friends, includes private vocabulary and nonverbal clues, uses certain term of endearments and private expressions, and is often used in private settings.
• Manuscript speech is completely written out, reading a fully scripted speech, word-for-word iteration of a written message, and the speaker maintains their attention on the printed page except when using visual aids.
• Memorized speech is prepared and memorized before the event, with the focus of the speaker on remembering the text rather than communicating or relating with the audience.