Validity

• What does validity in psychology fundamentally ask?

  Is it true and accurate?
• Why is questionability important in psychology?

  To avoid bias in research findings
• What are researchers required to consider regarding validity?

  How results were created and their truth
• What are the two types of validity in psychological research?

  • Internal validity
  • External validity
• What does questioning internal validity involve?

  Whether the independent variable caused the change
• What is a confounding variable?

  A third factor affecting the dependent variable
• What does external validity assess?

  Generalizability of findings to real-world behavior
• What is ecological validity?

  Generalizability of findings across different settings
• What is mundane realism?

  How naturalistic the task is for participants
• Why is population validity important?

  To ensure the sample represents the broader population
• What is temporal validity concerned with?

  Applicability of findings across different times
• What are the types of validity researchers can assess?

  • Face validity
  • Concurrent validity
  • Predictive validity
• What does face validity assess?

  If the measure appears to measure what it intends
• What is criterion validity?

  Correlation of test scores with another measure
• What is concurrent validity?

  Comparison with an established test's scores
• What is predictive validity?

  Accurate predictions based on test results
• How can internal validity be improved?

  • Exclude extraneous variables
  • Use random allocation
  • Implement standardized procedures
• How can external validity be improved?

  • Replicate studies in different settings
  • Use diverse demographics
  • Ensure findings are consistent across replications
• How can temporal validity be improved?

  By replicating studies in modern contexts
• What is the correlation threshold for high concurrent validity?

  0.8 or higher
• What are some common biases affecting internal validity?

  • Social desirability bias
  • Demand characteristics
  • Investigator effects
  • Researcher bias
• What are the implications of low ecological validity?

  • Findings may not apply to real-world settings
  • Behavior observed may be atypical
  • Results may lack generalizability
• What are the consequences of low population validity?

  • Findings may not represent the broader population
  • Results may be biased towards specific groups
  • Generalizations may be inaccurate
• What are the potential issues with temporal validity?

  • Findings may be outdated
  • Results may not reflect current behavior
  • Contextual changes may affect applicability
• What is the role of peer review in improving validity?

  • Identifies biases and methodological flaws
  • Ensures rigorous standards are met
  • Provides feedback for improvement