Guidance

• Factors affecting guidance:

  • personality of performer
  • the skill/ability of performer
  • situation in which learning is taking place
  • the nature of the skill being taught/developed
• What are the 4 types of guidance?

  verbal

  visual

  manual

  mechanical
• Example of visual guidance?

  demonstrations

  videos

  images
• What are some characteristics of visual guidance?

  demonstrations must be accurate

  to avoid overload, you must look at one aspect of the skill and focus on a cue

  often used when performer is just starting the learning process
• Advantages of visual guidance?

  provides learner with a mental image of the skill

  draws attention to key points (cue)

  better for less complex skills where less information needs to be given

  encourages observational learning
• Disadvantages of visual guidance?

  can demotivate learner if it is a highly complex skill as they wont be able to do it

  can overload beginners with information

  needs to be accurate and clear otherwise skill can be learnt incorrectly

  static images don't how how movements develop
• Example of verbal guidance?

  Instructions or explanations given through spoken words.
• What are some characteristics of verbal guidance?

  used to describe an actions and explain how to perform an activity

  used to aid images (visual guidance)

  don't speak too long
• Advantages of verbal guidance?

  tactics can be explained

  gives technical information, key points and highlights cues

  feedback can be given immediately

  can be motivational

  better for associative and autonomous learners
• Disadvantages of verbal guidance?

  player must understand basic terminology used

  overloads beginners with information

  learners may lose concentration easily

  can become boring and confusing
• Example of manual guidance?

  gymnastic coach assisting back walkover
• characteristics of manual guidance?

  involves a coach physically moving a performer into the correct position or supporting them as they perform the skill

  when skills are dangerous and complex
• advantages of manual guidance?

  builds confidence

  eliminates danger

  gives early feel for whole skill (kinaesthetic)
• disadvantages of manual guidance?

  learner may become too dependent on support and interferes with kinaesthetic

  proximity of coach may be upsetting
• Examples of mechanical guidance?

  floats in swimming

  stabilisers for biking

  harness for trampolining
• characteristics for mechanical guidance?

  involves the use of equipment to help support the learners whilst practicing the skill
• advantages of mechanical guidance?

  promotes confidence and ensues safety for the learners

  can be used to isolate particular parts of the skill
• disadvantages of mechanical guidance?

  learner may become too dependent

  the feel of the movement is different to the actual movement

  the learner does not get the opportunity to correct mistakes in the technique

  can restrict performer