Ionic Compounds

• In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
• A charged atom is called an ION.
• Ions are formed when negatively charged electrons move from one atom to another.
• Complete Ionic compounds worksheet
• A positive ion is when an atom loses electrons, becoming positive because it has more protons than electrons.
• A negative ion is when an atom gains electrons, becoming negative because it has more electrons than protons.
• Atoms can be joined together in two possible ways: Metal & Non-metal, Non-metals Only, Ionic Bonding, Covalent Bonding.
• Ionic bonds form between a metal and a non-metal, with electrons being transferred from one atom to another to form stable ions.
• An ionic compound is made up of a cation (metal) and an anion (nonmetal), and is neutral.
• When metals react, they lose outer shell electrons to leave a full electron shell, resulting in a CATION.
• When non-metals react with a metal they gain electrons to achieve a full electron shell, resulting in an ANION.
• Ionic bonds are very strong, resulting in hard, brittle properties, high melting points, and some ionic compounds are soluble in water.
• When ionic compounds dissolve, they produce a solution that conducts electricity, such substances are known as electrolytes.
• In writing formulas for ionic compounds, the chemical symbols should be written first, followed by the ionic charge above each symbol to indicate the stable ion that each element forms.
• Some metals (transition elements) can form more than one stable ion, for which a naming system is needed to indicate which one is present in a specific compound.
• These are the easiest types of compounds to spot from their name by the roman numerals.
• Another method for writing formulas for ionic compounds is the Criss Cross Method.
• The total ionic charge of an ionic compound should be neutral, which can be determined by determining how many ions of each type are needed.
• The charge on a multivalent ion is given in the name, and the roman numeral refers to the charge on the metal and not the number of metal ions.
• The formula for an ionic compound should be written, with subscripts to indicate the number of ions of each type.
• Except for a few exceptions, the roman numeral is almost never the same as the subscript in ionic compounds with multiple ionic charges.
• When there are no prefixes in front of the names of the ions, the charges of the ion need to be balanced.
• Ionic compounds are made up of a metal and a non-metal, with names of ionic compounds having two main parts: Metal atoms (lose electrons to form positive ions) and Non-metals (gain electrons to form negative ions).
• In naming ionic compounds, the metal is named first and the non-metal is named second, with a warning bell for when one element is metal and the other is a non-metal.
• The sum of all the charges in a chemical formula must equal zero for an ionic compound, and the chemical formula must contain the appropriate number of negatively charged ions and positively charged ions in order to have a neutral compound.