Chapter 15 APUSH

• Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction


  This was based on the idea that the South had not legally left the Union and pardoned most of the Confederacy. If only 10% of the state pledged an oath of allegiance, they would be readmitted to the Union. Republicans were very critical and thought it was too nice.
• Wade Davis Bill


  This plan for Reconstruction included 50% of population take the iron clad oath, stated they never supported the Confederacy. It was pocket vetoed by Lincoln
• Pocket Veto


  The Constitution grants the president 10 days to review a measure passed by the Congress. If the President has not signed the bill after 10 days, it becomes law without his signature. However, if Congress adjourns during the 10-day period, the bill does not become law.
• Black Codes


  Examples of these include: freedmen could not rent land or borrow money to buy land. Freedmen could not be vagrant, or they would be put on a chain gang.
• Freedmen's Bureau


  Created to help the freed slaves i a welfare-like system, but its biggest accomplishment was improved education. Johnson was not a fan.
• 14th Amendment


  Change in the Constitution that made the states responsible for equality for all and due process under the law. It established the first Constitutional definition for citizenship and gave freedmen citizenship.
• Waving the Bloody Flag


  Practice of politicians making reference to the blood of martyrs or heroes to criticize opponents. Northern politicians(Republicans) used this tactic by reminding the North of the hardships of the war.
• Radical Republicans


  This was a faction of the party led by Sumner and Stevens that strongly opposed slavery during the war and distrusted Confederates during Reconstruction, demanding harsh penalties. They supported equal rights, civil rights and voting for freedmen and led Congressional Reconstruction in the South.
• Reconstruction Act of 1867


  This divided the South into five military districts, allowing for military occupation of the South and a temporary increase in the position of freedman.
• Tenure of Office Act


  This is the Act that was passed by Congress saying that Congressional approval was needed to fire any cabinet member. Johnson violated it and was impeached, although it was kind of a set up.
• 15th Amendment


  Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
• Carpetbaggers


  Northern Republicans that came into the South during reconstruction were called this. They often, not always, tried to take advantage of the South's economic trouble.
• Scalawags


  Southern whites who supported Republican policy through reconstruction
• Sharecropping


  This system had come to dominate agriculture across the cotton-planting South. Under this system, black families would rent small plots of land, or shares, to work themselves; in return, they would give a portion of their crops to their landlords.
• Ku Klux Klan


  These Acts were an attempt at stopping violence in the South perpetrated against the Freedmen by people like Nathan Bedford Forrest. They were different in that they were trying to help preserve individual rights against the large group ( that wore very creepy and not-colorful outfits), but they were hard to enforce or prosecute ( those white juries and judges).
• Redeemers


  These are your rich planter aristocrats that wanted to take the South back to the good ole days before the war. They ruled politics in the South post-Reconstruction.
• Civil Rights Act


  In 1866, this declared blacks to be citizens and forbade the states to discriminate between citizen because of race or color, in cases where these rights were violated, federal troops would be used for enforcement
• Whiskey Ring


  a scandal, exposed in 1875, involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors.
• Panic of 1873


  Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver)
• Compromise of 1877


  An agreement made by the parties that effectively ended Reconstruction and put Hayes in the White House.
• Jim Crow Laws


  Set of LAWS that allowed for segregation in public places such as hotels and trains in 1890.
• Plessy v Ferguson


  This made segregation legal. It was instantly about railroad cars, but was used to justify segregation everywhere, especially schools.
• Brown V Board of Education


  This 1954 case overturns Plessy v Ferguson and made segregation in school illegal.
• Thomas Nast


  Who is associated with Harpers Weekly Political Cartoons