Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration is the release of energy from food in the presence of oxygen
• Anaerobic Respiration is the release of energy from food without requiring the presence of oxygen
• Most living things get energy from aerobic respiration and are called aerobes​. The energy stored in bonds in glucose is released and used to make ATP​​. When ATP breaks down it supplies energy for all the reactions in a cell.
• Equation for Respiration. $C6H12O6 +$$6O2 6CO2 +$$6H2O +$$Energy ​$
• Aerobic respiration is relatively efficient, 40% of the energy in glucose is used to make ATP​. Any energy not used to produce ATP is lost as heat
• The first step of aerobic respiration is called Glycolysis. It does not require oxygen.
• In Glycolysis, a 6-carbon carbohydrate (Glucose) is converted to two 3-molecules with the release of a small amount of energy. Most of the energy in the glucose molecule remains stored in each 3-carbon molecule
• Stage two of aerobic respiration requires oxygen. It releases a large amount of energy​. It occurs in the mitochondria as the necessary enzymes are found here​.​ The 3-carbon molecules are broken down into Carbon Dioxide and Water
• Anaerobic Respiration is also known as Fermentation
• Lactic acid fermentation occurs in some anaerobic bacteria and fungi and animal muscles when there is not enough oxygen
• Lactic acid forms when bacteria cause milk to go sour, in silage production, and in yogurt production​.
• Alcohol Fermentation takes place in Bacteria and some fungi such as yeast and in plants when they are deprived of oxygen​.
• In industrial fermentation the microorganisms are placed in a container with a suitable substrate on which they can react