Anatomy of the foot

• Name three tarsal bones.

  Navicular, cuboid, three cuneiforms
• What are phalanges in the context of the foot?

  Finger-like bones forming toes
• What do metatarsal bones connect to?

  They connect to tarsals
• What is the name of the muscle labeled as "Tibialis anterior muscle"?

  Tibialis anterior muscle
• What are the names of the bones in the foot?

  • Fibula
  • Tibia
  • Lateral Malleolus (part of fibula)
  • Medial Malleolus (part of tibia)
  • Talus
  • Navicular
  • Lateral Cuneiform
  • Middle Cuneiform
  • Medial Cuneiform
  • Lesser (2nd - 5th) Metatarsals
  • Proximal Phalanx (2nd - 5th toes)
  • Middle Phalanx (2nd - 5th Toes)
  • Distal Phalanx (2nd - 5th Toes)
  • Proximal Phalanx Great Toe
  • Distal Phalanx Great Toe
  • Calcaneus
  • Cuboid
  • 1st Metatarsal
• What are the four muscle groups of the foot and their functions?

  1. Peroneal group: Supports ankle eversion
  2. Tibialis group: Supports ankle inversion
  3. Extensor group: Raises toes and foot
  4. Flexor group: Lowers toes and foot
• What is the name of the bone that connects the leg to the foot?

  Talus
• How would you describe the structure of the foot?

  • The foot is composed of multiple bones:
  • Leg bones: Fibula and Tibia
  • Ankle bones: Talus, Navicular, Calcaneus, Cuboid
  • Tarsal bones: Cuneiform bones
  • Metatarsal bones
  • Phalanges of the toes
  • This complex structure allows for flexibility, stability, and weight-bearing during movement.
• How many tarsal bones are there in the foot?

  7
• How many phalanges are there per toe?

  3 per toe except the great toe with 2
• How many metatarsal bones are in the foot?

  5
• How do the muscles and tendons in the foot and ankle region function?

  • Tibialis anterior: Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
  • Peroneus longus and brevis: Evert the foot
  • Extensor hallucis longus: Extends the big toe
  • Extensor digitorum longus: Extends the other toes
  • Achilles tendon: Plantarflexes the foot
• How would you use this anatomical knowledge to assess and treat injuries in the foot and ankle region?

  • Identify which muscles/tendons are involved in an injury
  • Determine if the injury is to a muscle, tendon, or joint structure
  • Develop appropriate treatment plan targeting the affected structures
  • Assess range of motion, strength, and function to monitor recovery
• What are the components of the ankle bones?

  • Malleoli (medial and lateral)
  • Talus (forms ankle joint)
  • Calcaneus (heel bone)
• What are the muscles of the foot grouped around?

  The ankle
• What are the main groups of bones in the foot and their characteristics?

  1. Ankle bones:

  • Malleoli (medial and lateral)
  • Talus (ankle joint)
  • Calcaneus (heel)

  1. Tarsal bones:

  • 7 bones including navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms

  1. Metatarsal bones:

  • 5 long bones (one per toe)

  1. Phalanges:

  • Finger-like bones (3 per toe, 2 for great toe)
• What are the key anatomical landmarks in the foot and ankle region?

  • Fibula
  • Lateral malleolus
  • Retrocalcaneal bursa
  • Superior and inferior peroneal retinaculum
• What is the name of the muscle labeled as "Extensor hallucis longus muscle"?

  Extensor hallucis longus muscle
• What are the key differences between the dorsal and plantar views of the foot arteries?

  • Dorsal view shows arteries on top of foot, plantar view shows arteries on bottom of foot
  • Different arteries are visible in each view (e.g. dorsalis pedis vs. plantar arteries)
  • Provides complementary information about the foot's arterial supply
• What is the name of the artery that runs along the top (dorsal) surface of the foot?

  Dorsalis pedis artery
• Name the muscles in the tibialis group.

  Tibialis anterior, posterior
• What is the name of the artery that runs along the posterior (back) of the ankle and foot?

  Posterior tibial artery
• What is the name of the tendon labeled as "Extensor digitorum longus tendon"?

  Extensor digitorum longus tendon
• Name the muscles in the extensor group.

  Extensor hallucis longus, digitorum longus
• What are the main arteries of the foot?

  • Dorsalis pedis artery
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Anterior tibial artery
  • Lateral plantar artery
  • Medial plantar artery
• Which group of muscles supports ankle inversion?

  Tibialis group
• What is the name of the artery that runs along the medial (inner) side of the foot?

  Medial plantar artery
• What is the name of the artery that runs along the anterior (front) of the ankle and foot?

  Anterior tibial artery
• What are the key arteries on the plantar side of the foot?

  • Posterior tibial
  • Plantar arches
• What is the function of the flexor group of muscles?

  Lowers toes and foot
• How is the foot's blood supply divided?

  Dorsal and plantar regions
• What are the two main functions of the foot?

  Weight-bearing and locomotion
• What is the function of the extensor group of muscles?

  Raises toes and foot
• What is the function of the superior extensor retinaculum and inferior extensor retinaculum shown in the image?

  They help stabilize the extensor tendons of the foot
• If a patient had an injury to the fibularis tertius (peroneus) tendon, which part of the foot would be affected?

  The metatarsals
• What is the name of the muscle labeled as "Extensor digitorum brevis muscle"?

  Extensor digitorum brevis muscle
• What is the name of the artery that runs along the lateral (outer) side of the foot?

  Lateral plantar artery
• Which group of muscles supports ankle eversion?

  Peroneal group
• What are the names of the two extensor retinaculum structures shown in the image?

  • Superior extensor retinaculum
  • Inferior extensor retinaculum
• How do the functions of the superior extensor retinaculum and inferior extensor retinaculum differ?

  The superior retinaculum stabilizes the extensor tendons, while the inferior retinaculum allows flexion and extension of the toes