OTPF4-PROCESS

• Activity demands are what is typically required to carry out the activity regardless of client and context
• Occupation demands are what is required by the specific client (person, group, or population) to carry out an occupation
• Objects used and their properties: Tools, supplies, equipment, and resources required in the process of carrying out the activity or occupation and their inherent properties
• Space demands: Physical environment requirements of the occupation or activity
• Social demands: Elements of the social and attitudinal environments required for the occupation or activity
• Sequencing and timing demands: Temporal process required to carry out the activity or occupation
• Required actions and performance skills: Actions and performance skills that are an inherent part of the activity or occupation
• Required body functions: Physiological functions of body systems required to support the actions used to perform the activity or occupation
• Required body structures: Anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and their components” that support body functions and are required to perform the activity or occupation
• Occupational therapy interventions facilitate engagement in occupation to enable persons, groups, and populations to achieve health, well-being, and participation in life
• Occupations and Activities - Activities selected as interventions for specific clients are designed to meet therapeutic goals and address the underlying needs of the client’s mind, body, and spirit.
• Occupations - Broad and specific daily life events that are personalized and meaningful to the client
• Activities - Components of occupations that are objective and separate from the client’s engagement or context
• Process - This section operationalizes the process undertaken by occupational therapy practitioners when providing services to clients
• Evaluation - Focused on finding out what the client wants and needs to do, determining what the client can do and has done, and identifying supports and barriers to health, well-being, and participation.
• Intervention - Services provided by occupational therapy practitioners in collaboration with clients to facilitate engagement in occupation related to health, well-being, and achievement of established goals consistent with the various service delivery models
• Outcomes - Describe the results clients can achieve through occupational therapy intervention
• To use occupations and activities therapeutically, the practitioner considers activity demands and client factors in relation to the client’s therapeutic goals and contexts
• Interventions to Support Occupations — Methods and tasks that prepare the client for occupational performance are used as part of a treatment session in preparation for or concurrently with occupations and activities or provided to a client as a home-based engagement to support daily occupational performance.
• PAMs and mechanical modalities - Modalities, devices, and techniques to prepare the client for occupational performance.
• Orthotics and prosthetics: Construction of devices to mobilize, immobilize, or support body structures to enhance participation in occupations
• Assistive technology and environmental modifications: Assessment, selection, provision, and education and training in use of high and low-tech assistive technology; application of universal design principles; and recommendations for changes to the environment or activity to support the client’s ability to engage in occupations
• Wheeled mobility: Products and technologies that facilitate a client’s ability to maneuver through space, including seating and positioning; improve mobility to enhance participation in desired daily occupations; and reduce risk for complications such as skin breakdown or limb contractures
• Self-regulation: Actions the client performs to target specific client factors or performance skills
• Education: Imparting of knowledge and information about occupation, health, well-being, and participation to enable the client to acquire helpful behaviors, habits, and routines
• Training - Facilitation of the acquisition of concrete skills for meeting specific goals in a real life, applied situation.

  
  

  In this case, skills refers to measurable components of function that enable mastery.
• Advocacy — Efforts directed toward promoting occupational justice and empowering clients to seek and obtain resources to support health, well-being, and occupational participation.
• Group Interventions — Use of distinct knowledge of the dynamics of group and social interaction and leadership techniques to facilitate learning and skill acquisition across the lifespan. Groups are used as a method of service delivery.
• Virtual Interventions — Use of simulated, real-time, and near-time technologies for service delivery absent of physical contact, such as telehealth or mHealth.
• Advocacy: Advocacy efforts undertaken by the practitioner
• Self-advocacy: Advocacy efforts undertaken by the client with support by the practitioner
• Approaches to intervention are specific strategies selected to direct the evaluation and intervention processes on the basis of the client’s desired outcomes, evaluation data, and research evidence.
• Create, promote (health promotion): An intervention approach that does not assume a disability is present or that any aspect would interfere with performance.
• Create, promote (health promotion): This approach is designed to provide enriched contextual and activity experiences that will enhance performance for all people in the natural contexts of life
• Establish, restore (remediation, restoration): Approach designed to change client variables to establish a skill or ability that has not yet developed or to restore a skill or ability that has been impaired
• Maintain: Approach designed to provide supports that will allow clients to preserve the performance capabilities that they have regained and that continue to meet their occupational needs
• The assumption is that without continued maintenance intervention, performance would decrease and occupational needs would not be met, thereby affecting health, well-being, and quality of life.
• Modify: “finding ways to revise the current context or activity

  demands to support performance in the natural setting”
• Prevent: This approach is designed to prevent the occurrence or evolution of barriers to performance in context
• Occupational performance: Act of doing and accomplishing a selected action (performance skill), activity, or occupation