present

• • Discovery of DNA in biological processes marked the beginning of modern biotechnology. Led to more sophisticated methods allowing manipulation and analysis of dna while continuing to use pat biotechnological processes
• Agricultural application

  • Utilises artificial insemination,artificial pollination dna recombinant dna tech to increase yields of milk, meat and grains and increase vitamin content in food
  • Used to produce plants and animals that are resistant to diseases and drought and plants that can grow in nutrient poor soils
•  Medical application

  • IVF– developed to help overcome human infertility by allowing couples who have fertility issues to reproduce
  • Recombinant dna tech– utilizing bacteria to produce human proteins like insulin
• Conservation bio application

  • Plant biotechnology– identifying desirable traits in crops and plants and saving living tissue e.g leaves that can be utilised in future to conserve and increase biodiversity
  • Animal biotech– mapping relatedness between animals and designing breeding programs to utilise artificial insemination in wild and in zoos to maintain biodiversity and maximise genetic diversity
• Industrial applications

  • Pollution prevention– using microorganisms clean up and reduce waste, biodegradable materials biofuels
  • Biomaterial production– natural or synthetic substances being made to interact with biological system e.g joint replacements, artificial heart valves stents