Laboratory Experiments

• Why do scientists manipulate variables in laboratory experiments?

  To see how they affect each other
• Why is a controlled environment important in laboratory experiments?

  It minimizes external factors affecting results
• What is a key characteristic of laboratory experiments?

  Controlled environment
• What is one benefit of conducting laboratory experiments?

  Allows for precise measurements and repeatability
• What is meant by manipulation of variables in experiments?

  Actively changing the independent variable
• What does control in laboratory experiments mean?

  Minimizing external factors for accurate observation
• If scientists want to study the effect of light on plant growth, what type of experiment would they conduct?

  A laboratory experiment
• Why is random assignment important in testing treatments?

  It ensures that groups are comparable
• What does random assignment in laboratory experiments help prevent?

  Bias in results
• What is a laboratory experiment?

  A controlled test done in a lab setting
• What are the key features of laboratory experiments?

  • Controlled environment
  • Manipulation of variables
  • Precise measurements
  • Repeatability of results
• What tools are used for precise measurement in laboratory experiments?

  Scales and timers
• What is the main goal of control in laboratory experiments?

  To accurately observe the independent variable's effect
• How might self-report measures be used in a study?

  Participants rate their stress levels after tasks
• How does precise measurement contribute to laboratory experiments?

  It enables accurate data collection and analysis
• Why are standardized procedures important in laboratory experiments?

  They maintain accuracy and replicability
• Why is a controlled environment important in experiments?

  It ensures consistent conditions for accurate results
• What are the key characteristics of laboratory experiments?

  • Controlled environment
  • Manipulation of variables
  • Random assignment
  • Standardized procedures
  • Precise measurement
  • High internal validity
• How does control enhance the reliability of laboratory experiments?

  It demonstrates clear cause-and-effect relationships
• What does high internal validity in laboratory experiments indicate?

  Confident cause-and-effect relationships
• How do standardized procedures maintain accuracy?

  By giving identical instructions to each participant
• What does random assignment help achieve in experiments?

  Fair comparison and prevention of bias
• What are the key components of control in laboratory experiments?

  • Controlled environment
  • Manipulation of variables
  • Random assignment
  • Standardized procedures
• What do self-report measures involve?

  Participants report thoughts or feelings
• What do behavioral measures observe?

  Overt behaviors like reaction time
• What are the perspectives provided by different data collection methods in laboratory experiments?

  • Self-report measures: subjective thoughts/feelings
  • Physiological measures: objective biological responses
  • Behavioral measures: observable actions and performance
• In a study on plant growth, how can temperature be controlled?

  By maintaining consistent conditions
• How could behavioral measures be applied in a study?

  Measure the number of problems solved
• What is one disadvantage of laboratory experiments?

  Artificiality
• What ethical concerns arise from controlled environments in laboratory experiments?

  They can limit freedom and raise ethical questions
• How do laboratory experiments minimize external factors?

  By precisely manipulating variables
• What are demand characteristics in laboratory experiments?

  Participants change behavior to meet expectations
• Which device might be used for physiological measures?

  EEG to study brain activity
• What does high internal validity in laboratory experiments allow researchers to do?

  Establish cause-and-effect relationships
• Why is comprehensive data collection important in laboratory experiments?

  • Ensures multiple perspectives on participant responses
  • Enhances the validity and reliability of findings
  • Provides a fuller understanding of the research question
• How do scientists establish cause-and-effect relationships in experiments?

  Through direct measurement in controlled environments
• Why is artificiality a disadvantage in laboratory experiments?

  Lab settings may not reflect real-world situations
• In a memory test, how might demand characteristics affect results?

  Individuals might try harder to perform well
• What are data collection methods used in laboratory experiments?

  Self-report, physiological, and behavioral measures
• What are the dependent variables in the chlorine properties experiment?

  Litmus and iodine/bromide solutions