Naturalistic and Controlled Observation

• How does ecological validity enhance the findings of naturalistic observation?

  It ensures findings are applicable to real life
• What can observing children on a playground reveal in naturalistic observation?

  • Authentic social dynamics
  • Real-life interactions
  • Spontaneous behaviors
• Why might observing people without their knowledge raise ethical concerns?

  It violates their right to privacy
• How might distractions in a classroom affect naturalistic observation?

  They can impact students' behavior being observed
• What is a benefit of unexpected discoveries in naturalistic observation?

  Uncovers spontaneous behaviors
• What is one disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

  Lack of control
• Why are unexpected discoveries valuable in research?

  They reveal behaviors not seen in controlled settings
• What is observer bias in naturalistic observation?

  Researcher's beliefs influence observations
• How does controlled observation differ from naturalistic observation?

  It allows precise study of specific behaviors
• What are the main disadvantages of naturalistic observation?

  • Lack of control over environment and behavior
  • Observer bias affecting observations
  • Ethical concerns regarding privacy
• What is one advantage of naturalistic observation?

  Genuine behavior observation
• What is controlled observation?

  A method where researchers manipulate variables
• Why is genuine behavior an advantage of naturalistic observation?

  It shows real-life actions without interference
• How does naturalistic observation differ from experimental methods?

  It does not manipulate any variables
• What advantage does naturalistic observation provide to researchers?

  It allows observation of genuine behavior
• What does ecological validity refer to in naturalistic observation?

  Results reflect behavior in actual environments
• In what setting might a psychologist use controlled observation?

  In a laboratory setting to measure skills
• How can observer bias affect research outcomes?

  It can lead to skewed or inaccurate data
• In what scenario might a researcher use naturalistic observation?

  To study children playing on a playground
• What are the key characteristics of naturalistic observation?

  • Observes behaviors in a natural setting
  • Does not manipulate any variables
  • Aims to capture genuine behavior
• Why is lack of control a disadvantage in naturalistic observation?

  It makes isolating specific variables difficult
• What ethical consideration is associated with naturalistic observation?

  Privacy concerns from observing without knowledge
• How does controlled observation differ from naturalistic observation?

  Researchers manipulate variables in controlled observation
• What is naturalistic observation?

  Observing behaviors in a natural setting
• What is one advantage of controlled observation?

  Precise control of variables
• What are the key features of controlled observation?

  • Researchers manipulate the environment
  • Specific variables are controlled
  • Precise study of behaviors
  • Conducted in a laboratory setting
• What is the purpose of manipulating the environment in controlled observation?

  To see how people react under controlled conditions
• How do the ecological and internal validity of naturalistic and controlled observations compare?

  Naturalistic has high ecological, low internal; controlled has low ecological, high internal
• What does the image in the study material illustrate?

  Different observation types in various settings
• What is the setting for naturalistic observation?

  Real-life
• What are the main disadvantages of controlled observation?

  • Artificiality: May not reflect real-life behavior
  • Demand characteristics: Participants may act differently
  • Ethical concerns: Privacy issues if not informed
  • Expense: High costs for setup and maintenance
• What type of variables are observed in naturalistic observation?

  Observed only
• What are demand characteristics in controlled observation?

  Participants may act differently when observed
• Why are ethical concerns a disadvantage of controlled observation?

  Participants may not be informed, raising privacy issues
• Why can setting up a controlled environment be costly?

  It requires significant resources and maintenance
• What is the control level in controlled observation?

  Yes
• What type of observation does not manipulate variables?

  Naturalistic observation
• What is a financial disadvantage of controlled observation?

  Expense
• What is the significance of standardized procedures in controlled observation?

  They help minimize observer bias and enhance reliability
• How does artificiality affect controlled observation?

  It may not reflect real-life behavior