Covert and Overt Observation

• What is a requirement for covert observation regarding consent?

  It does not require obtaining consent
• What is covert observation?

  Observation without participants' knowledge
• What is one strength of covert observation?

  Participants act spontaneously without awareness
• How does covert observation compare to overt observation in capturing behavior?

  Covert observation better captures natural behavior
• What is essential in overt observation?

  Transparency and informed consent
• How do researchers conduct covert observation?

  They hide themselves or blend in
• What privacy concern is associated with covert observation?

  Participants' actions are observed without their knowledge
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of covert observation?

  Strengths:

  • Natural behavior: Participants act spontaneously
  • Minimal influence: Observer presence does not alter actions

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Deception: Secret observation without informed consent
  • Privacy concerns: Observed without knowledge
  • Observer bias: Potential interpretive mistakes
• Why is deception considered a weakness of covert observation?

  It involves secret observation without informed consent
• Why does covert observation raise privacy concerns?

  Participants are unaware they are being studied
• What is a potential drawback of overt observation?

  It can lead to reactivity among participants
• How does the influence on behavior differ between covert and overt observations?

  Covert has minimal influence; overt may cause reactivity
• Why is informed consent important in overt observation?

  It maintains ethical standards in research
• What is the second strength of covert observation?

  Observer presence does not alter actions
• What ethical consideration is associated with covert observations?

  Privacy concerns for participants
• Compare the ethical considerations of covert and overt observations.

  • Covert Observations:
  • Privacy concerns
  • Overt Observations:
  • Transparency needed
• Why is consent not required in covert observations?

  Participants are unaware they are being observed
• What is a potential issue with observer bias in covert observation?

  Interpretive mistakes may occur if too involved
• How does covert observation differ from overt observation?

  Covert is secret; overt is transparent
• What is overt observation?

  Researchers openly watch participants knowing they are studied
• How does overt observation prioritize participant rights?

  By ensuring all participants give informed consent
• What is a significant ethical challenge of covert observation?

  Deception without informed consent
• What must be considered carefully when using covert observation?

  Ethical considerations must be addressed
• What is the main difference in participant knowledge between covert and overt observations?

  Covert: Do not know; Overt: Aware
• What ethical consideration is associated with overt observations?

  Transparency needed regarding the observation
• What are the ethical considerations of covert and overt observation?

  • Covert observation:
  • Involves deception
  • Lacks informed consent
  • Raises privacy concerns
  • Overt observation:
  • Requires transparency
  • Necessitates informed consent
  • Can lead to reactivity
• What is a key strength of overt observation?

  Transparency
• What ethical concerns are raised by covert observation?

  Concerns about privacy and honesty
• How can covert observation be conducted in a classroom?

  From behind a one-way mirror
• When is overt observation prioritized in research?

  • When ethics and transparency are crucial
  • When informed consent is necessary
• How do time and cost compare between covert and overt observation?

  Covert observation is less time-consuming
• How is overt observation conducted in a hospital?

  With informed consent from patients
• What effect might the presence of observers have on participants in overt observation?

  It might influence participant behavior
• What are the key differences between covert and overt observation?

  • Covert Observation:
  • Participants unaware of being observed
  • Examples: store behavior, classroom dynamics
  • Overt Observation:
  • Participants aware and consent to observation
  • Examples: workplace settings, hospital interactions
• In what situations is covert observation more suitable?

  • When genuine behavior is needed
  • To avoid altering subjects' actions
• What is reactivity in the context of overt observation?

  Individuals act differently when being watched
• Why is transparency considered a strength in overt observation?

  It allows informed consent from participants
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of overt observation?

  Strengths:

  • Transparency: Informed consent is possible
  • Ethical standards: Prioritizes participant rights

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Observer effect: Alters participant behavior
  • Reactivity: Changes in behavior when watched
• What ethical standard is prioritized in overt observation?

  Participant rights and transparency
• How does covert observation affect reactivity in behavior studies?

  It avoids reactivity by not alerting subjects