LABORATORY MANAGEMENT W1

• THE PURPOSE OF LABORATORY – IS TO PROVIDE PHYSICIANS AND OTHER HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS TO…..

  1.       DETECT DISEASE OR PREDISPOSITION -(TENDENCY TO HAVE A DISEASE) TO DISEASE

  2.       CONFIRM OR REJECT A DIAGNOSIS -(GNOSIS – KNOWLEDGE) (IDENTIFICATION OF DSE VIA EXAMS)

  3.       ESTABLISH PROGNOSIS - (PREDICTION) (RECOVERY)

  -          DIAGNOSIS Before PROGNOSIS

  4.       GUIDE PATIENT MANAGEMENT AND MONITOR EFFICACY OF THERAPY
• THE LAB ALSO PLAYS A LEADING ROLE IN EDUCATION AND RESEARCH, NFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION, AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
• CLASSIFICATION OF CLINICAL LAB

  1.       BY OWNERSHIP

  a.       GOVERNMENT - OPERATED AND MAINTAINED, PARTIALLY OR WHOLLY BY THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, A LOCAL GOVERNMENT (PROVINCIAL, CITY, OR MUNICIPAL)

  b.       PRIVATE – PRIVATELY OWNED, ESTABLISHED AND OPERATED WITH FUNDS THRU DONATION, PRINCIPAL, INVESTMENT OR OTHER MEANS.
• CLASSIFICATION OF CLINICAL LAB

  1.       BY INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTER

  a.       INSTITUTION-BASED – A LAB THAT IS LOCATED WITHIN THE PREMISES AND OPERATES AS PART OF DOH LICENSED HEALTH FACILITY

   

  EX: DEPT. OF PATHOLOGY OF NKTI (NATIONAL KIDNEY TROPICAL)

  a.       NON-INSTITUTION BASED (FREE-STANDING) – A LAB THAT OPERATES INDEPENDENTLY AND IS NOT ATTACHED TO ANY DOH LICENSED HEALTH FACILITY

   

  EX: PRIVATE CLINICS (HIGH-PRECISION)
• CLASSIFICATION BY FUNCTION

  1.       CLINICAL PATHOLOGY – DEALS WITH THE CHEMICAL AND CELLULAR ANALYSES OF BLOOD AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS

  EX: CC, CM, IS, HEMA, BACTE
• CLASSIFICATION BY FUNCTION

  2.       ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY – PROVIDES PROCESSING AND EXAMINATION OF SURGICAL SPECIMENS AS TO THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF TISSUES

  EX: HISTOPATH, AUTOPSY, FORENSIC
• CLASSIFICATION BY FUNCTION

  3.      MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY – DEALS WITH THE ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN GENES, PROTEINS, AND OTHER MOLECULES IN SAMPLES FROM ORGANS TISSUES, OR BODILY FLUIDS TO DIAGNOSE DISEASE AND/OR TO GUIDE THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE

  EX: VIRUSES AND PCR
• “AN ORGANIZATION IS ONLY AS GOOD AS ITS PEOPLE, AND PEOPLS ARE GUIDED BY LEADERS AND MANAGERS”
• LEADERSHIP – PROVIDES DIRECTION WHERE ORG IS GOING.

  -          A PATTERN OF BEHAVIORS USED TO ENGAGE OTHERS TO COMPLETE TASKS IN A TIMELY AND PRODUCTIVE MANNER.           
• LEADERSHIP STYLES

  1.       SUPPORTIVE LEADER – PROVIDES PHYSICAL AND PERSONAL RESOURCES

  EX: FLEXIBILITY, ENCOURAGES, CREATIVE, PROBLEM SOLVING
• LEADERSHIP STYLES

  2.      DIRECTIVE LEADER (DIRECTION) – PRESENTS RULES, ORDERS, OR OTHER DEFINED INSTRUCTIONS TO THE INDIVIDUAL
• LEADERSHIP STYLES

  3.       DELEGATING LEADER (DELEKADO) – PROVIDES LOW SUPPORT AND LOW DIRECTION
• LEADERSHIP STYLES

  4.     COACHING LEADER – PROVIDES HIGH SUPPORT AND HIGH DIRECTION.

   
• CLASSIFICATION OF MANAGERS

  1.       FIRST-LINE MANAGERS – THEY COMPLETE TASKS FOR THE DAY

  EX: SUPERVISORS, TL, CHIEF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST
• CLASSIFICATION OF MANAGERS

  2.      MIDDLE-LINE MANAGERS – THEY ARE ENGAGED IN STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL ACT.

  EX: OPERATIONS MANAGER – DIVISION HEADS
• CLASSIFCATION OF MANAGERS

   

  3.       TOP-LINE MANAGERS – CONCENTRATE ON STRATEGIZING AND PLANNING FOR THE NEXT 1-5 YEARS

  EX: LAB DIRECTORS, CEO, CIO
• LEADER

  ADMINISTRATOR

  ORGANIZER & DEVELOPER

  RISK TAKER

  INSPIRATION

  THINKS LONG TERM

  ASKS WHAT AND WHY

  CHALLENGES STATUS QUO

  DOES THE RIGHT THING
• MANAGER

  IMPLEMENTER

  MAINTAINS CONTROL

  THINKS SHORT TERM

  ASKS HOW AND WHEN

  WATCHES BOTTOM LINE

  ACCEPT STATUS QUO

  IS A GOOD SOLDIER

  DOES THINGS RIGHT
• STRATEGIC PLANNING – DECIDING ON THE OBJECTIVES OF THE ORG AND THE NEED TO MODIFY EXISTING OBJECTIVES

  (A PROCESS BY WHICH HIGH-LEVEL DECISIONS ARE MADE)

  -          ALLOCATING RESOURCES TO ATTAIN THESE OBJECTIVES.

  ESTABLISHING POLICIES THAT GOVERN THE ACQUISITION, USE, AND DISPOSITION OF THESE RESOURCES
• REQUIREMENTS FOR A SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIC PLANNING

  1.       PRE-PLANNING

  2.       ORGANIZATION

  3.       WELL DEFINED GOALS

  4.       COMMUNICATION FIRM BELIEF
• TACTICAL PLANNING – DETAILED DAY TO DAY OPERATIONS NEEDED TO MEET THE IMMEDIATE NEED OF THE LAB.

  (WORKS TOWARD MEETING THE LONG-TERM STRATEGIC GOALS THAT HAVE BEEN SET.)
• QUALITY SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT

  A KEY MANAGEMENT GOAL IS TO ENSURE THAT QUALITY LAB SERVICES ARE PROVIDED
• EVERY LAB SHOULD…

  1.       SHOULD STRIVE TO OBTAIN MODERN EQUIPMENT

  2.       SHOULD HIRE WELL TRAINED STAFF

  3.       SHOULD ENSURE A WELL DESINGED AND SAFE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

  4.       SHOULD CREATE A GOOD MANAGEMENT
• TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) AND CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT (CQI) HAVE BEEN STANDARD APPROACHES TO QUALITY LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT FOR OVER 30 YEARS
• TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) - SYSTEM OF APPROACH THAT FOCUSES ON TEAMS, PROCESSES, STATISTICS AND DELIVERY OF SERVICES OR PROFUCT THAT MEET COSTUMER EXPECTATIONS.

  EX: ERROR FREE QUALITY, MANAGE BY FACT, EMPOWERED WORKERS
• CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT (CQI) – IS AN ELEMENT OF TQM THAT STRIVES TO CONTINUALLY IMPROVE PRACTICES AND NOT JUST MEET ESTABLISHED QUALITY STANDARDS
• TWO OTHER TOOLS OFTEN USED TO IMPROVE QUALITY THRUOUGHT THE HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY ARE SIX SIGMA AND LEAN.
• SIX SIGMAN – A PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM, THE GOAL OF WHICH CAN BE SUMMARIZED BY THE MANTRA “IMPROVEMENT BY ELIMINATING PROCESS VARIATION”

  EX: IMPROVED - PERFORMANCE, QUALITY, BOTTOM LINE, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION
• LEAN – UTILIZES TECHNIQUES THAT WOULD DETERMINE THE WORK ACTIVITIES THAT DO NOT DIRECTLY ADD TO THE DELIVERY OF LAB SERVICES IN THE MOST COST-EFFECTIVE WAYS.
• -          STSTEM FOR REDUCING WASTE IN PRODUCTION

  -          5S TECHNIQUES: SORT, SET IN ORDER, SHINE, STANDARDIZE, SUSTAIN

  -          PDCA: PLAN, DO, CHECK, ACT

  -          LEAN LAB: ISO – ESTABLISH GUIDELINES THAT WOULD REFLECT THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF UALITY.

  -          CAP – ADAPTED ISO 15189:2007

  -          CLSI – THEY CREATED THE 12 QUALITY SYSTEM ESSENTIALS BASED ON ISO STANDARD