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paper 1 alevel psychology
cognitive psychology
key question cog
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Created by
frasier lewis
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Cards (31)
What is the key question regarding eyewitness testimony?
How
reliable
is eyewitness testimony?
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What does eyewitness testimony refer to?
It refers to accounts from
witnesses
of events.
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Why is eyewitness testimony important to society?
It helps in legal
proceedings
and justice.
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Why does it matter if eyewitness testimony is inaccurate?
It can lead to
wrongful convictions
and injustice.
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When is eyewitness testimony most important?
In legal cases and criminal investigations.
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Why is accurate eyewitness testimony relevant to society?
It can lead to
wrongful
convictions.
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What is a consequence of wrongful convictions for society?
The
guilty person
remains free to commit crimes.
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How does wrongful conviction affect the economy?
It incurs
high costs
for the
justice system
.
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How long did Ronald Cotton spend in prison?
11 years
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What was Ronald Cotton convicted of?
Rape based on inaccurate
eyewitness
testimony
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Who was the actual offender in Ronald Cotton's case?
Bobby Poole
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What percentage of wrongful convictions are attributed to inaccurate eyewitness testimony?
72%
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What do innocence projects suggest about the percentage of innocent prisoners?
2.3%
of
580
prisoners are innocent
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What does the statistic of 2.3% represent in the context of prisoners?
The percentage of all prisoners who are
innocent
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How many prisoners were considered in the innocence project statistic?
580
prisoners
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What is the broader societal issue related to wrongful convictions?
It affects public trust in the
justice system
.
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What are the two concepts that help understand memory issues?
Reconstructive memory
and
episodic memory
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According to Bartlett's theory, how is memory reconstructed?
Memory is reconstructed using
schemas
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What are schemas learned from?
Past
experiences
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What is a potential problem with using schemas in memory recall?
They may fill in gaps
inaccurately
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What does inaccurate eyewitness testimony imply about memory recall?
It may rely on
schemas
to fill gaps
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What criticism has been made against Bartlett's theory of memory?
It over-emphasizes
inaccuracies
in memory
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What is the main focus of reconstructive memory theory?
Active reconstruction
of memories
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How do schemas affect memory recall according to Bartlett's theory?
Schemas can distort
memory accuracy
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What type of memory stores events like witnessing a crime?
Episodic memory
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What is described as the "mental diary" in Tolving's theory?
Episodic memory
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How are episodic memories characterized in terms of context?
They are
dependent
on context
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What does it mean that episodic memories are more prone to distortion?
They may lead to inaccurate
eyewitness
testimony
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How does the presence of retrieval cues affect eyewitness testimony accuracy?
It
may
improve
the
accuracy
of
testimony
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What should police do to enhance the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?
Recreate the
crime scene
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What are the implications of Tolving's theory on eyewitness testimony?
Episodic memory
stores event details
Memories are
context-dependent
Prone to
distortion
, affecting accuracy
Retrieval cues
can enhance accuracy
Recreating
crime scenes
may improve testimony
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