Physics paper 2

• Why is energy considered an idea rather than a physical object?

  It represents potential interactions in a system
• What is the principle of conservation of energy?

  Total energy in interactions is conserved
• What is a caveat regarding energy conservation?

  Energy can convert into matter
• What are the different stores of energy?

  Kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential
• How is kinetic energy calculated?

  Using $e =$$\frac{1}{2} mv^2$
• What happens to kinetic energy as an object's speed increases?

  Kinetic energy increases with speed
• How is gravitational potential energy (GPE) calculated?

  Using $e =$$mgh$
• What does GPE depend on?

  Mass, gravitational field strength, height
• What does an increase in thermal energy indicate?

  Particles move faster, gaining kinetic energy
• What is the equation for thermal energy change?

  $e =$$mc\Delta T$
• What is specific heat capacity (SHC)?

  Energy needed to raise 1 kg by 1°C
• What is chemical potential energy?

  Energy stored in food or fuels
• What must happen for energy to be transferred in a system?

  Energy must move between objects or stores
• What is a closed system?

  No energy lost or gained from surroundings
• How can gravitational potential energy (GPE) be converted to kinetic energy (KE)?

  GPE decreases as KE increases during a fall
• How can we rearrange the kinetic energy equation to find speed?

  Speed $v =$$\sqrt{\frac{2e}{m}}$
• What happens if GPE at the top is greater than KE at the bottom?

  Energy has been lost to surroundings
• What is work done in physics?

  Energy transferred by a force
• What is the equation for work done?

  $W =$$F \times d$
• How can we calculate gravitational potential energy gained?

  $GPE =$$m \times g \times h$
• What does Hooke's Law state?

  Force equals spring constant times extension
• What is the unit for spring constant?

  Newtons per meter
• What is the relationship between force and extension in Hooke's Law?

  They are directly proportional
• How can we demonstrate Hooke's Law experimentally?

  Measure extension with varying masses on a spring
• What is the principle of moments?

  Moments clockwise equal moments anticlockwise
• What is pressure defined as?

  Force divided by area
• What is the unit for pressure?

  Newtons per meter squared (Pascals)
• How does pressure change with depth in a fluid?

  Pressure increases with depth due to weight
• What causes gas pressure?

  Collisions of gas particles with surfaces
• How can gas pressure be increased?

  Add more gas, reduce volume, raise temperature
• What happens to atmospheric pressure with altitude?

  Pressure decreases with higher altitude
• What is the purpose of the Edexcel GCSE 91 physics video?

  To help students with their studies
• What is electricity defined as?

  Flow of charge, typically electrons
• What does the speaker encourage viewers to do regarding their revision guide?

  To buy it from the website
• What is the role of a cell in a circuit?

  Provides energy to flow through the circuit
• What social media platforms does the speaker recommend for extra exam tips?

  Instagram and Facebook
• What is the symbol for a battery in a circuit diagram?

  Several cells connected in line
• What are the types of energy discussed in the video?

  • Chemical energy
  • Kinetic energy
  • Gravitational energy
  • Elastic energy
  • Nuclear energy
  • Thermal energy
  • Magnetic energy
  • Electrostatic energy
• What do straight lines represent in circuit diagrams?

  Wires connecting components
• What is chemical energy associated with?

  Energy stores and chemical bonds