INTEGUMENTARY - LEC

• Integumentary system


  • It is the body outermost system, consisting of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and associated structures. It serves as a proetctive barrier between the external and internal body systems
• LAYERS OF SKIN:

  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Hypodermis
• Epidermis 


  • The outermost layer, primarily made up of keratinized epithelial cells
  • Provides waterproof barrier and creates skin tone
  • Contains no blood vessels
  • Constantly regenerates, with new cells replacing old dead cells shed from the surface
• Dermis 


  • Thick layer beneath the epidermis, is composed mainly of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin fibers
  • Contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair, follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands, help in thermoregulation and sensation (touch, pain, temperature)
• Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)


  • Consists mainly of fat (adispose tissue) and connective tissue
  • Provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage
  • Anchors the skin to underlying muscles and bones
• 2 TYPES OF SWEAT GLANDS:

  • Eccrine sweat glands
  • Apocrine sweat glands
• Eccrine sweat glands


  • Found all over the body, especially the palms, soles, and forehead. It is primarilu responsible for thermoregulation by producing a waterly, odorless sweat that cools the ody as it evaporates
• Apocrine sweat glands


  • Found mainly in the armpits, and around the nipples. It produces a thicker, milky secretion that, when broken down by bacteria, leads to body odor
• 2 TYPES OF HAIR

  • Vellus hair (peach fuzz)
  • Terminal hair (Thick and pigmented hair)
• Vellus hair


  • Covers most of the body, including the face, arms, and legs, except for the palms, soles, lips, and certain parts of genitals. It helps regulate the body temperature by providing slight insulation and reducing friction between body parts
• Terminal hair


  • Found on the scalp, eyebrows, lashes, and after puberty, In areas such as the armpits, pubic region, chest, and beard
• Nail


  • Is a hard, protective covering made of keratin that grows at the tip of human fingers and toes. It consists of several parts
• NAIL PARTS:

  • Nail plate
  • Nail bed
  • Cuticle
  • Lunula
  • Matrix