ANATOMY FINAL EXAM- Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive

• nasopharynx


  the superior portion of the pharynx that is located between the soft palate and the internal nares is the _______________
• trachea


  which of the is not a part of the upper respiratory system?
• strengthen the tracheal walls and protect the airway


  the purpose of the semicircular cartilages in the trachea is to ___________
• left; heart


  the cardiac notch is in the __________ lung and is present to accommodate the __________
• secondary


  the primary bronchi divide to form __________ bronchi
• secretes surfactant


  the alveolar epithelium is primarily simple squamous epithelium plus a second type of cell that ___________
• anoxia


  the condition that results when the supply of oxygen is completely cut off to an affected area ___________
• external respiration


  the exchange of gases between the body's tissues and the external environment is called ___________
• 500 mL


  a normal tidal volume of air is about _________
• diaphragm and external intercostals


  the primary inspiratory muscles are the _________
• maximum volume of air that can be moved into or out of the lungs in a respiratory cycle

  the vital capacity is the _________
• diffusion


  gas exchanges across the respiratory membrane in the lungs occurs by ___________
• medulla oblongata and pons


  the respiratory centers that control breathing are located in the ________
• hypercapnia


  an elevated arterial blood carbon dioxide level is called __________
• all are correct

  which of the following is classified as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder? a. chronic bronchitisb. asthmac. emphysemad. all of the listed responses are correct
• external nares


  air usually enters the nasal cavity by way of paired openings called the __________
• hard palate


  the ________ is a bony partition that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
• primary


  the trachea divides to form the left and right ____________ bronchus
• three; two


  the right lung is divided into ________ lobes while the left lung is made up of _________ lobes
• 150 million


  each lung contains about ___________ alveoli
• tidal volume


  the volume of air moved into the lungs with a normal breath is the ___________
• diaphragm and external intercostals


  the muscles of normal quiet breathing are the ___________
• reversibly bound to hemoglobin


  most oxygen in the blood is transported
• the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood


  under normal conditions the most important factor influencing respiratory activity is ___________
• cigarette smoking

  studies show that 85-90 percent of all lung cancers are a direct result of ___________
• pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium


  the conducting portion of the respiratory tract is lined with a protective respiratory mucosa consisting of ___________
• oropharynx


  the middle portion of the pharynx that extends between the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone is the __________
• larynx


  the ________ is a cartilaginous structure that marks the beginning of the lower respiratory system, contains the vocal cords, and surrounds and protects the glottis
• parietal; visceral


  in each pleural cavity, the _____________ pleura lines the inside of the chest wall, while the ________ pleura covers the surface of the lung
• asthma


  extreme bronchoconstriction may lead to __________ during allergic reactions
• constrict the trachea muscle i coughing

  the purpose of the trachealis muscle in the respiratory system is to _______________
• pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli


  the pathway of air to the alveoli is ___________
• all are correct

  to allow for enough gas exchange to take place in the alveoli to sustain life, the respiratory membrane must _________a. be thinb. have a large surface areac. be kept moistd. all are correct
• dilate when oxygen levels are high and constrict when oxygen levels are low

  the capillaries that surround the alveoli _____________
• hypoxia


  a low tissue oxygen level that can limit the metabolic activities of an affected are is __________
• internal respiration


  the exchange of gasses between blood in the systemic capillaries and body's tissue cells is called ____________
• the pressure inside the lungs must be lower that the atmospheric pressure

  in order for air to enter the lungs during inhalation ___________
• internal intercostals


  deep forceful inhalations would involve contraction of all of the following inspiratory muscled except the __________
• Vt + IRV + ERV + Residual Volume

  the total lung capacity equals __________
• in the form of bicarbonate ions


  most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood is converted to carbonic acid which dissociated and is carried ____________