MICROBIAL DISEASE

• Microbial Diseases is a course on the study of diseases caused by microorganisms.
• Folliculitis is an infection of hair follicles.
• Sty is a type of folliculitis that affects an eyelash.
• Furuncle is an abscess, which is pus surrounded by inflamed tissue.
• Carbuncle is an inflammation of tissue under the skin.
• Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is an acute, generalized viral infection with fever, mild constitutional symptoms, and a skin rash.
• Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a herpes virus, is the etiologic agent of chickenpox.
• Chickenpox is transmitted person to person by direct contact, droplet or airborne spread of vesicle fluid or secretions of the respiratory system of persons with chickenpox.
• Etiologic Agent: Clostridium botulinum, a spore-forming, Gram-positive bacteria.
• 1-3% recovered patients become carriers, harboring Salmonella in their gallbladder.
• Salmonella enterica Typhi: Bacteria spread throughout body in phagocytes.
• Enterohemorrhagic strains such as E.
• Typhoid Fever: Cholera
• Cholera occurs as traveler's diarrhea and epidemic diarrhea in nurseries.
• Vibrio cholerae serotypes that produce cholera toxin: Toxin causes host cells to secrete Cl – , HCO – , and water.
• 50% of feedlot cattle may have enterohemorrhagic strains in their intestines.
• Reservoirs and Mode of Transmission: Dust, soil, foods contaminated with dirt, honey, corn syrup, inadequately heated home-canned foods, neutral pH foods, and lightly cured foods.
• German Measles, also known as rubella, is a mild, febrile viral disease with a fine, pinkish, flat rash that begins 1 or 2 days after the onset of symptoms and starts on the face and neck and spreads to the trunk, arms and legs.
• Rubella virus, a RNA virus, is the etiologic agent of German Measles.
• Measles, also known as hard measles or rubeola, is an acute, highly communicable viral disease with fever, conjunctivitis, cough, light sensitivity, Koplik spots in mouth, and red blotchy skin rash.
• Measles (rubeola) virus, a RNA virus, is the etiologic agent of measles.
• Possible symptoms of microbial diseases of the digestive system include fever or chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, new loss of taste or smell, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, and diarrhea.
• Helicobacter pylori is a curved, microaerophilic, capnophilic bacterium.
• Gastritis is suspected when a person has upper abdominal pain with nausea or heartburn.
• Infection with Helicobacter pylori can cause chronic bacterial gastritis and duodenal ulcers.
• Hepatitis E is transmitted through fecal-oral route, primarily via fecally contaminated drinking water, and also person to person.
• Botulism is a neuromuscular disease involving a flaccid type of paralysis and is the most severe form of food poisoning, often resulting in death.
• The reservoirs and mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori are infected humans, and transmission is presumed to be either oral-oral or fecal-oral transmission.
• Inflammation of the liver can be a symptom of hepatitis, which may result from drug or chemical toxicity, EB virus, CMV, or the Hepatitis viruses.
• Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted parenterally, while Hepatitis D is transmitted through parenteral and HBV coinfection.
• Hepatitis A is transmitted through fecal-oral route, while Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through sexual or household contact with an infected person, mother to infant before or during birth, injected drug use, tattooing, and needlesticks.
• Warts are many varieties of skin and mucous membrane lesions, including common warts, venereal warts, and plantar warts.
• Pneumonia is an acute nonspecific infection of the small air sacs and tissues of the lung, with fever, productive cough, acute chest pain, chills, and shortness of breath, often a secondary infection that follows a primary viral respiratory infection, and is diagnosed by abnormal chest sounds and chest radiographs.
• Pertussis, also known as Whooping Cough, is caused by Bordetella pertussis, a Gram-negative coccobacillus with a capsule and Pertussis toxin, and is prevented by DTaP vaccine, and has three stages: Catarrhal stage, Paroxysmal stage, and Convalescence stage.
• Diphtheria is an acute, contagious bacterial disease primarily involving tonsils, pharynx, larynx, and nose, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and is transmitted via respiratory secretions, hands, and fomites.
• Streptococcal Pharyngitis, also known as Strep throat, is an acute bacterial infection of the throat with sore throat, chills, fever, headache, beefy red throat, and white patches of pus on pharyngeal epithelium, enlarged tonsils, and enlarged and tender cervical lymph nodes, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, and is transmitted human to human by direct contact, usually hands, aerosol droplets, secretions from patients and nasal carriers.
• Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an Acid-fast rod, and is transmitted from human to human, requiring prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics and is diagnosed by Tuberculin skin test, X-ray, or CT, acid-fast staining of sputum, and culturing bacteria.
• The ciliary escalator keeps the lower respiratory system sterile.
• Rabies is a usually fatal, acute viral encephalomyelitis of mammals, with mental depression, restlessness, headache, fever, malaise, paralysis, salivation, spasms of throat muscles, convulsions, and death caused by respiratory failure.
• Rabies is transmitted by animal bite and the virus multiplies in skeletal muscles, then brain cells causing encephalitis.