Involves the manipulation of an independent variable to measure the effect on the dependent variable. Experiments may be laboratory, field, natural or quasi.
Aim
A general statement of what the researcher intends to investigate, the purpose of the study
Hypothesis
A clear, precise, testable statement that states the relationship between the variables to be investigated. Stated at the outset of the study
Directional hypothesis
States the direction of the difference or relationship
Non-directional hypothesis
Does not state the direction of the difference or relationship
Variables
factors that can change in an experiment
independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
Dependent variable
The variable that is measured by the researcher
Operationalism
Clearly defining variables in terms of how they can be measured
How do researchers decide what type of hypothesis to use?
Directional hypothesis- a theory or findings from a previous research study suggest a particular outcome
Non-directional hypothesis- there is no previous research, or previous findings are contradictory
