Novel delivery

• The benefits of novel drug delivery systems include improved outcomes, reduced adverse effects, controlled drug levels, and specific sites of release.
• Novel drug delivery systems enhance patient compliance through simplified dosage regimens, improved dosage administration, and reduced costs.
• Examples of novel drug delivery systems include topical, oral, vaginal, ophthalmic, parental, and other novel delivery systems.
• Iontophoresis (IP) is a novel drug delivery system that utilizes an electrochemical method to enhance the transport of some solute molecules by creating a potential gradient through the skin with an applied electrical current or voltage.
• In Iontophoresis, the active electrode is the drug-containing electrode and the passive electrode is the other electrode that is placed elsewhere on the body.
• Iontophoresis induces increased migration of ionic drugs into the skin by electrostatic repulsion at the active electrode.
• Iontophoresis is also known as Ultrasound, Sonophoresis, Ultra sonophoresis, Ultra phonophoresis.
• The vehicle containing the drug must be formulated to provide good conduction of the ultrasonic energy to the skin in Phonophoresis.
• Phonophoresis consists of the drug(s) impregnated into a durable yet flexible woven fabric or extruded synthetic material that is coated with an adhesive agent.
• An occlusive dressing in Tapes enhances the rate and extent of delivery of the drug to deeper layers of the skin and may result in greater systemic absorption of the drug.
• Enoxaparin sodium injection (Lovenox) is available in a prefilled syringe with an automatic safety device.
• Safe Needle Systems are used for the delivery of drugs and vaccines into or the skin.
• Microneedle arrays are used for the delivery of drugs into the skin.
• Epipen and Epipen Jr contain 2 mL of epinephrine injection for emergency intramuscular use in the event of anaphylaxis.
• Doxycycline hyclate (Atridox) 10% is used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria.
• Humulin N Pen contains NPH human insulin (rDNA origin) isophane suspension.
• A film is a thin, flexible sheet of material, usually composed of a polymer material that is used in various routes of administration for oral administration in a rapidly dissolving form.
• Polymers are mixed with the drug, sweetener, and flavor and then cast, formed, dried, and packaged into films, a type of drug delivery system that utilizes the mucoadhesive properties of certain polymers to adhere to mucosal surfaces, such as the inner lining of the nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum.
• ESTRING is a unique method of administering estradiol through the use of the estradiol vaginal ring, used for the treatment of urogenital symptoms associated with postmenopausal atrophy of the vagina.
• The DINOSPROSTONE VAGINAL INSERT (CERVIDIL) is designed to release dinosprostone in vivo at a rate of about 0.3 mg/h, used for initiation and/or continuation of cervical ripening in patients at or near term when there is medical or obsterical indication for labor induction.
• The PROGESTASERT SYSTEM releases an average of 60mg of progesterone per day for 1 year, used for progesterone-induced inhibition of sperm capacity for survival and alteration of the uterine milieu to prevent nidation (implantation of a fertilized ovum).
• The Striant mucoadhesive testosterone buccal system is designed to adhere to the gum or inner cheek to provide a controlled and sustained release of testosterone through the buccal mucosa.
• The Alzet (Alza osmotic mini-pump) is used in research laboratories to provide constant-rate delivery and programmed delivery of a drug, consisting of a flexible impermeable diaphragm surrounded by a sealed layer containing an osmotic agent that is enclosed within a semipermeable membrane.
• A medicated gum is a semisolid confection that is designed to be chewed rather than swallowed, releasing their active ingredient(s) into the saliva and can deliver therapeutic agents for both local action or for systemic absorption.
• Extended rates of drug action following injection may be achieved in several ways, including the use of crystal or amorphous drug forms having prolonged dissolution characteristics, slowly dissolving chemical complexes of the drug entity, solutions, or suspensions of drug in slowly absorbed carriers or vehicles, large particles of drug in suspension, or injection of slowly eroding microspheres of drug.
• Intrauterine Progesterone Drug Delivery System (IUDs) are pharmaceutical preparations applied topically to the eye to treat surface or intraocular conditions, including bacterial, fungal, and viral infections of the eye or eyelids; allergic or infectious conjunctivitis or inflammation; elevated intraocular pressure; and dry eye.
• Definitysubgingival sustained-release products contain minocycline hydrochloride in a bioresorbable polymer.
• Minocycline hydrochloride (Arestin) is composed of a two-syringe mixing system, Syringe A containing 450 mg of the Atrigel delivery system and Syringe B containing 42.5 mg doxycycline.
• Ocular bioavailability is a crucial pharmaceutical requirement for ophthalmic drugs.
• Isotonicity value, buffering, viscosity and thickening agents are also important pharmaceutical requirements for ophthalmic drugs.
• Liposomes can be administered through various routes and provide targeted drug release, protecting healthy tissues and enabling site-specific drug delivery.
• Ophthalmic drugs are often packaged in plastic containers with built-in dropper devices, Drop-Tainer dispensers, or ointment tubes.
• Liposomes, small vesicles comprising phospholipid bilayers, offer versatile drug delivery options, encapsulating both water-soluble and lipid-soluble drugs.
• Sterility and preservation are key pharmaceutical requirements for ophthalmic drugs.
• Stealth liposomes hold promise in targeting specific cells or tissues, minimizing systemic side effects.
• Modified liposomes known as "stealth liposomes," coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), aim to evade the immune system's detection, allowing longer circulation and targeted delivery.