๐Ÿ’จ 1.1 GI Anatomy (1-22)

Cards (28)

  • What is the main function of the digestive system?
    To break down food and absorb nutrients
  • How is GIT function regulated?
    Through neural and hormonal mechanisms
  • What does GIT motility refer to?
    Movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract
  • What are the hollow organs of the GI tract?
    Mouth to anus
  • What role do accessory glands play in digestion?
    They add secretions to hollow organs
  • What is the first step in the digestive process in the mouth?
    Chopping food into small pieces
  • What is the function of the oropharynx in digestion?
    Lubricating food and initiating digestion
  • What does the esophagus do?
    Acts as a conduit to the stomach
  • What are the main functions of the stomach?
    Temporarily stores food and initiates digestion
  • What processes occur in the stomach?
    Churning and secreting proteases and acid
  • What is the primary function of the small intestine?
    Continues digestion and absorbs nutrients
  • What does the large intestine do?
    Reabsorbs fluids and stores fecal matter
  • What are the accessory glands in the GI tract?
    Pancreas, salivary glands, and liver
  • What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?
    Secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum
  • How does the pancreas neutralize gastric acid?
    By secreting HCO3<sup>-</sup>
  • What does the liver secrete?
    Bile
  • What is the role of the gallbladder?
    Stores bile for future delivery
  • What are bile acids important for?
    Digestion of fats
  • What are the layers of the GI tract structure?
    • Mucosa
    • Submucosa
    • Muscle
    • Serosa
  • What does the mucosa consist of?
    • Epithelial layer
    • Lamina propria (capillaries, neurons, immune cells)
    • Muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle)
  • How is the surface area of the epithelial layer amplified?
    • Microvilli on apical surfaces
    • Villi (evaginated)
    • Crypts or glands (invaginated)
  • What is found in the submucosa?
    • Loose connective tissue
    • Large blood vessels
    • Glands that secrete materials into the GI lumen
  • What is the muscularis externa composed of?
    • Inner circular layer
    • Outer longitudinal layer
    • Enteric neurons in between
  • What is the serosa layer made of?
    • Connective tissue
    • Covered with squamous epithelial cells
  • How many calories does a sedentary person require daily?
    โˆผ30 kcal/kg body weight
  • How can nutrient requirements be met?
    By oral intake of multiple food substances
  • What do both small and large intestines absorb?
    Water and electrolytes
  • Which intestine absorbs lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids?
    Small intestine