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๐จ GI Motility
๐จ 1. Overview of Digestive Processes
๐จ 1.1 GI Anatomy (1-22)
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Cards (28)
What is the main function of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb
nutrients
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How is GIT function regulated?
Through
neural
and
hormonal
mechanisms
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What does GIT motility refer to?
Movement of food through the
gastrointestinal
tract
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What are the hollow organs of the GI tract?
Mouth
to
anus
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What role do accessory glands play in digestion?
They add secretions to
hollow organs
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What is the first step in the digestive process in the mouth?
Chopping
food
into
small
pieces
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What is the function of the oropharynx in digestion?
Lubricating
food
and
initiating
digestion
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What does the esophagus do?
Acts as a conduit to the
stomach
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What are the main functions of the stomach?
Temporarily stores food and initiates
digestion
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What processes occur in the stomach?
Churning and secreting
proteases
and acid
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What is the primary function of the small intestine?
Continues
digestion
and absorbs nutrients
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What does the large intestine do?
Reabsorbs
fluids and stores fecal matter
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What are the accessory glands in the GI tract?
Pancreas
,
salivary glands
, and
liver
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What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?
Secretes
digestive enzymes
into the
duodenum
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How does the pancreas neutralize gastric acid?
By secreting
HCO3
<sup>-</sup>
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What does the liver secrete?
Bile
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What is the role of the gallbladder?
Stores
bile
for future delivery
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What are bile acids important for?
Digestion
of fats
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What are the layers of the GI tract structure?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle
Serosa
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What does the mucosa consist of?
Epithelial layer
Lamina propria
(
capillaries
,
neurons
,
immune cells
)
Muscularis mucosae (
smooth muscle
)
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How is the surface area of the epithelial layer amplified?
Microvilli
on
apical
surfaces
Villi (evaginated)
Crypts or glands (
invaginated
)
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What is found in the submucosa?
Loose
connective tissue
Large blood vessels
Glands that secrete materials into the
GI
lumen
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What is the muscularis externa composed of?
Inner circular layer
Outer longitudinal layer
Enteric neurons
in between
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What is the serosa layer made of?
Connective tissue
Covered with
squamous epithelial cells
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How many calories does a sedentary person require daily?
โผ30
kcal/kg
body weight
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How can nutrient requirements be met?
By
oral intake
of multiple food substances
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What do both small and large intestines absorb?
Water and
electrolytes
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Which intestine absorbs lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids?
Small intestine
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