Ao3 Vygotzky theory

• Supporting evidence for the role of culture. 

  Gleder- culture has an effect on cognitive development. Papua New Guinea's counting system only goes up to 29. Had difficulties adding numbers beyond 29. The Nature of cognitive tools we internalise from culture can restrict our understanding of the world and shaped cog development. Increasing validity
• Vygotsky’s that children learn more with the help from experts has practical applications.

  Teachers use paired tutoring programmes like Reading Buddies where you pair older student with younger students ,act as an expert and coach skills like reading helping literacy progress.

  Van Keer et al. - 7 year olds who were tutored by 10 year olds progress further in reading than 7 year olds who were taught in a standard class setting.

  Effective application= validates the underlying assumptions of the theory.
• Roazzi and Bryant- 4-5 year olds estimate the number of sweets in a box .worked alone in one condition and in another condition worked with the help of older children. Failed to give a good estimate when working alone, however successful one receiving help from an older child experts as the older child would provide prompts and point them in the right direction to make an accurate estimate. Supports Vygotsky and shows that experts can help children succeed at cognitively demanding tasks and develop better reasoning skills through support and scaffolding.
• Incomplete- Vygotsky focused on the role of others and ignored the role of mediational internal processes which lead to cognitive development .We internalise the cognitive tools of experts to cognitively develop but does not explain the cognitive mechanisms behind this process. Piaget focuses on a more detailed explanation of how schemas develop through the process of assimilation and accommodation to allow for cog development. While concepts like that of ZPD are thoroughly defined, it does not offer a mechanism like P, Undermines the validity.