Module 4 - Elements and Principles of Art

• What are the elements of visual art?

  Line, shape, form, space, color, texture, perspective
• What are the elements of auditory art?

  Rhythm, dynamics, melody, harmony, timbre, texture
• What are the principles of art?

  Balance, scale, proportion, emphasis, contrast, unity, variety, harmony, movement, repetition, pattern
• What does a line in art represent?


  A point moving along a path
• How does a line suggest mass and volume?

  By defining shape, contours, and outlines
• What are the characteristics of a line?

  Length, direction, width, and one-dimensional
• How can lines direct the viewer's attention?

  By guiding the eyes to focal points
• What are the types of lines and their meanings?

  • Horizontal: rest or calm
  • Vertical: elevation or stability
  • Diagonal: movement and instability
  • Crooked: violence and conflict
  • Curved: softness and grace
• What is the difference between shape and form?

  Shape is 2D; form is 3D
• What are the two categories of shape?

  Geometric and organic
• What defines geometric shapes?

  Origin in mathematical propositions and man-made
• What defines organic shapes?

  Shapes occurring naturally, irregular and asymmetrical
• How is space defined in art?

  Three-dimensionality of sculpture or architecture
• What is negative space in art?

  White space around the objects
• What is positive space in art?


  Areas filled with objects or colors
• How can three-dimensional space be simulated?

  Through techniques like shading
• What role does color play in art?

  Enhances appeal and evokes responses
• What are the three types of color models?

  RYB, RGB, CYMK
• What is hue in relation to color?

  It gives the color its name
• What are primary colors?

  Red, yellow, blue
• What are secondary colors?

  Green, orange, violet
• What are tertiary colors?

  Mix of primary and secondary colors
• What does value refer to in color?

  Brightness or darkness of a color
• What is a tint in color?

  Lighter than the normal value
• What is a shade in color?

  Darker than the normal value
• What does intensity refer to in color?

  Brightness or dullness of a color
• What are the types of color harmonies?

  Monochromatic, complementary, analogous, triadic
• What is texture in art?

  Real or implied sense of touch and sight
• What is one-point perspective?


  Lines converge at a single vanishing point
• What is two-point perspective?


  Uses two vanishing points along the horizon
• What is three-point perspective?


  Uses three vanishing points for height and depth
• What is rhythm in auditory art?

  Associated with beat, meter, and tempo
• What is dynamics in music?

  Loudness or quietness of the music
• What is melody in music?

  Linear presentation of pitch in succession
• What is harmony in music?

  Combination of pitches to form chords
• What is timbre in music?


  Color of music distinguishing different sounds
• What is texture in music?


  Number of melodies and their relatedness
• What is balance in art?


  Distribution of visual elements in relation
• What are the three forms of balance?

  Symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial
• What is scale in art?

  Size in relation to what is normal