UNIT 4 STRESS & MENTAL HEALTH

• STRESS

  • Managing one’s health through awareness of the nature of stress
  • internal alarm system, the body’s response to a real or perceived threat combination of a stressor and a stress response
  • body’s and mind’s reaction to everyday demands and threats
  • useful or harmful ,energizing or exhausting
• EUSTRESS

  • positive stress

  • can help you achieve your goals

  • acceptable levels of stress may even help you to focus and concentrate better
• DISTRESS

  • negative stress

  • can result when there is too much pressure or trauma and you are unable to cope with it
• Environmental stressors

  – poverty, pollution, crowding, noise, or natural disasters
• Cognitive / thinking stressors

  – how a person perceives a situation (e.g., exams, problems)
• Personal behavior stressors

  – negative reactions in the body and mind caused byusing drugs or not exercising
• Life situation stressors

  – having a relative or pet die, parents who separate or divorce
• General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans Selye)

  • The nervous system and endocrine system become active during the body’s response to stressors
  • The body’s response is largely involuntary or automatic
  • It happens in three stages and can occur whether the stress is physical or emotional, positive or negative
  • ALARM, RESISTANCE, EXHAUSTION/FATIGUE
• TYPE A

  • competitive, high achieving personality type mostlikely to develop heart disease or other significanthealth problems
• TYPE B

  • “laid back”, non competitive personality type less likely to sufferfrom heart disease
• TYPE C (Lydia Temoshok & Henry Dreher)

  • very pleasant and try to keep the peace but find it difficult to express emotions, especially negative ones
• Type D (Johan Denollet)

  • experience increased negative emotions across time and situations and tend not to share these emotions with others, because of fear of rejection or disapproval
• Psychoneuroimmunology

  • interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body
  • ‘mind over matter’, ‘think yourself well’ and ‘positive thinking, positive health’ approaches to life.
• “Hiya” Filipinos are very aware of the opinions of others and what people think of them
• UTANG NA LOOB debt of gratitude-can cause stress as it refutes unconditional positive regard
• PAKIKISAMA

  • the pressure to conform can cause stress
• Karangalan

  • attack to self-esteem and dignity causes stress
• Katarungan

  • lack of justice causes stress
• Kalayaan

  • absence of “freedom and mobility” causes stress
• Bahala Na

  "God will take care of things“ improvisatory skills of Filipinos
• Lakas ng Loob

  courage in the face of difficulties and uncertainties
• Pakikibaka

  • recognizing one’s convictions resistance or concurrent clashes
• 1981

  • separation/independence from home and parents (e.g., many students areleaving home for the first time)friends, need to learn about a new town and school)

  • financial management (e.g., have never had to budget their finances before)

  • must generally assume greater responsibility for their life, studies, and behavior

  • new educational and social environment (e.g., need to develop new networks of
• 2022

  • academic stress (school-related pressures)

  • interpersonal stress (family, romantic, peers, friends, and teachers)

  • life events and transitions (moving away from home, new environment and people)

  • physical changes (sleeping and eating patterns)

  • expectations (from the self and others)
• humor and stress

  • Humor can moderate the negative effect of stress

  • Humor can raise the level of immunoglobin A (a measure of the functioning of the immune system), boosting immunity

  • Laughter stimulates the production of endorphin(happy hormone), enhancing the immune system

  • Humor is associated with positive cognitive shifts and positive emotions
• Mental Health

  a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community
• Mental Illness

  • a diagnosable illness that affects a person’s thinking, emotional state, and behavior

  • disrupts a person’s ability to work and carry out other daily activities and engage in satisfying personal relationships

  • some are common, some are not

  • may cause severe disability
• The psycho - aspects of health and illness were described in terms of cognitions, emotions, and behaviors
• Cognitive Distortions

  • distorted/irrational thoughts leading to maladaptive behaviors
• Diathesis-Stress Model

  • mental disorders develop from a genetic, biological, and environmental predispositions (diathesis) combined with stressful conditions that play a precipitating or facilitating role
• predisposing factors

  • genetics, biological, chilhoodexperience

  precipitating factors

  • stresses
• baby boomers (1946- 1964)

  • born after the world war
  • changed society at every stage
  • era of mental illness not discussed
  • one in four adults deal w mental ill
• gen x (1965- 1979)

  lost gen

  • small demographic between boomers and millenials
  • suffer from poorer mid life mental health
  • overburdened responsibilities of child
• gen y (1980- 1999)

  millenials

  • Highly educated & tech savvy
  • Witnessed and adapted to rapidly changing technology
  • Caused a cultural shift and destigmatized mental health issues
  • stress keeps them awake at night but willing to seek help
• gen z (2000- 2023)

  igen

  • tween/teens
  • growing slower then prev. gen
  • putting off traditionally adult activities like walking driving drinking etc.
• Anxiety

  • The presence of excessive anxiety and worry about a variety of topics, events, or activities.

  • Worry occurs more often than not for at least six months and is clearly excessive

  .• The worry is experienced as very challenging to control.

  • The worry in both adults and children may easily shift from one topic to another.

  • The symptoms must also not be a result of substance abuse or another medical condition.
• DEPRESSION

  • Feelings of sadness, low mood, and loss of interest in their usual activities must mark a change from a person's previous level of functioning and have persisted for atleast two weeks.

  • These symptoms must cause a clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

  • The symptoms must also not be a result of substance abuse or another medical condition
• SUICIDE

  • 15-29 YEARS OLD
  • Filipino Youth: 8.7% has suicidal ideation and 3% attemptedsuicide (Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study, 2013)
  • 17% of Filipino Students have attempted suicide (Global School-based Student Health Survey, 2015)
• psychiatrist

  • medical treatment
  • assess both mental and physical psych prob
  • conduct prescribe medial treatment
• psychologist

  • advanced degree
  • extensive training in research or clinical practice
  • specialize psychological testing and evaluation